Prenatal social conditions shape offspring adult phenotype and reproductive success
Prenatal social conditions shape offspring adult phenotype and reproductive success
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产前社会条件塑造后代成年表型和生殖成功
DOI：
10.1007/s00265-014-1774-z
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发表时间：
2014
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
von Engelhardt N
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Guenther A;Kowalski G;von Engelhardt N
在大多数研究的分类群中，产前社会环境影响后代的发育，并可能产生终生的影响。为了了解这种母体影响对后代发育的适应意义，研究它们对适合度的影响是很重要的。在豚鼠中，怀孕期间的社会不稳定导致雄性后代发育迟缓。这被解释为对高社会密度的适应，年轻的雄性需要排队等待繁殖机会，因为它们无法与年长的雄性竞争。然而，到目前为止，对男性生殖成功的影响尚不清楚。为了研究不同的产前社会密度对后代繁殖性能的影响，我们在怀孕后期将雌性单独或小群体饲养。来自两种处理的后代在大群体中一起饲养，直到独立，然后在相同处理的同性配对中饲养。然后，我们在低密度环境下观察了求偶、攻击行为和繁殖成功率，每个处理中都有一只雄性在争夺两只雌性。与群居雌性的儿子相比，单独居住的雌性所生的儿子会发起更多的战斗，有更多的社会联系，更多地向雌性求爱，并且有更高的繁殖成功率。因此，在出生前经历低社会密度的母亲所生的儿子在低社会群体规模下表现更好，这表明男性的发育可能会适应预期的社会密度，尽管在高密度下的表现仍然需要比较。
The prenatal social environment affects offspring development in most studied taxa with potentially lifelong consequences. To understand the adaptive significance of such maternal influences on offspring development, it is important to study their effects on fitness. In guinea pigs, social instability during pregnancy leads to delayed development of male offspring. This has been interpreted as an adaptation to high social densities, where young males need to queue for reproductive opportunities since they cannot out-compete older dominant males. The consequences for male reproductive success are, however, so far unknown. To study the effects of different prenatal social densities on offspring reproductive performance, we housed females individually or in small groups during late pregnancy. Offspring from both treatments were reared together in large groups until independence and thereafter housed in same-sex pairs of the same treatment. We then observed courtship, aggressive behavior, and reproductive success in a low-density context with one male from each treatment competing over access to two females. Sons born to individually housed females initiated more fights, had more social contacts, courted females more, and had a higher reproductive success than sons of group-housed females. Sons born to mothers experiencing low social densities before birth therefore perform better at low social group sizes, suggesting that male development may be adaptively adjusted to anticipated social densities, although performance under high densities still needs to be compared.
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