Loop Interrupted: Dysfunctional Chromatin Relations in Neurological Diseases.

Loop Interrupted: Dysfunctional Chromatin Relations in Neurological Diseases.
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DOI:
10.3389/fgene.2021.732033
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发表时间:
2021
影响因子:
3.7
通讯作者:
Engmann O
Engmann O
中科院分区:
生物学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Behrends M;Engmann O

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大多数精神疾病的遗传变异都是在非编码基因组区域发现的。基因启动子与携带风险等位基因的远端调控元件的物理相互作用可以解释后者如何影响基因表达。最近,来自人类死后大脑的远程染色体接触的全基因组图谱已与基因序列和染色质可及性数据相结合,以破译染色质结构中疾病特异性的改变。细胞培养和啮齿动物模型提供了染色质构象、远程染色体接触、基因表达和疾病表型之间的因果关系。在这里,我们概述了用于研究染色质接触的技术及其在大脑研究中的局限性。我们为生理脑功能的三维基因组变化提供证据,并评估其干扰如何导致精神疾病。最后,以临床应用为重点,讨论了尚存的问题和未来的研究方向。
The majority of genetic variants for psychiatric disorders have been found within non-coding genomic regions. Physical interactions of gene promoters with distant regulatory elements carrying risk alleles may explain how the latter affect gene expression. Recently, whole genome maps of long-range chromosomal contacts from human postmortem brains have been integrated with gene sequence and chromatin accessibility data to decipher disease-specific alterations in chromatin architecture. Cell culture and rodent models provide a causal link between chromatin conformation, long-range chromosomal contacts, gene expression, and disease phenotype. Here, we give an overview of the techniques used to study chromatin contacts and their limitations in brain research. We present evidence for three-dimensional genome changes in physiological brain function and assess how its disturbance contributes to psychiatric disorders. Lastly, we discuss remaining questions and future research directions with a focus on clinical applications.
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