Empirical investigation of the signal performance of a high-resolution, indirect detection, active matrix flat-panel imager (AMFPI) for fluoroscopic and radiographic operation.
Empirical investigation of the signal performance of a high-resolution, indirect detection, active matrix flat-panel imager (AMFPI) for fluoroscopic and radiographic operation.
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对用于荧光镜和射线照相操作的高分辨率、间接检测、有源矩阵平板成像仪 (AMFPI) 的信号性能进行实证研究。
DOI：
10.1118/1.597918
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发表时间：
1997
期刊：
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Street,RA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Antonuk,LE;El-Mohri,Y;Siewerdsen,JH;Yorkston,J;Huang,W;Scarpine,VE;Street,RA
报告了第一台大面积、高分辨率、有源矩阵、平板成像仪的信号特性。该成像器基于1536×1920像素的阵列，像素间距为127 μm。每个像素由一个分立的非晶硅n-i-p光电二极管和一个非晶硅薄膜晶体管组成。成像仪通过放置在阵列上的增感屏间接检测入射的x射线。外部采集电子设备向阵列发送控制信号，并处理来自像素的模拟成像信号。在荧光透视和射线照相模式的成像器的操作的考虑因素进行了详细的和经验的信号性能数据，重点探讨两种模式之间的相似性和差异。在不存在或存在发光二极管或X射线照明的情况下，根据操作参数进行表征成像仪性能的测量。这些测量包括像素暗信号的漂移和幅度的表征、像素切换瞬态的大小、像素采样的时间行为和隐含的最大帧速率、相对像素效率和像素响应对光电二极管反向偏置电压和操作模式的依赖性、像素响应的线性度、以及从光电二极管中的亚稳态捕获和释放电荷。此外，还报告了用于荧光镜和射线照相操作的各种荧光屏的X射线灵敏度与能量的函数关系。沿着人手的射线照相图像，提供了每种模式下的线对图案和拟人化体模的示例图像。一般和具体的改进，在成像器的设计和预期的发展进行了讨论。这代表了第一次系统的调查的操作和属性，在射线照相和荧光透视模式的成像仪，将这种阵列。
Signal properties of the first large‐area, high resolution, active matrix, flat‐panel imager are reported. The imager is based on an array of 1536×1920 pixels with a pixel‐to‐pixel pitch of 127 μm. Each pixel consists of a discrete amorphous siliconn‐i‐pphotodiode coupled to an amorphous silicon thin‐film transistor. The imager detects incident x rays indirectly by means of an intensifying screen placed over the array. External acquisition electronics send control signals to the array and process analog imaging signals from the pixels. Considerations for operation of the imager in both fluoroscopic and radiographic modes are detailed and empirical signal performance data are presented with an emphasis on exploring similarities and differences between the two modes. Measurements which characterize the performance of the imager were performed as a function of operational parameters in the absence or presence of illumination from a light‐emitting diode or x rays. These measurements include characterization of the drift and magnitude of the pixel dark signal, the size of the pixel switching transient, the temporal behavior of pixel sampling and the implied maximum frame rate, the dependence of relative pixel efficiency and pixel response on photodiode reverse bias voltage and operational mode, the degree of linearity of pixel response, and the trapping and release of charge from metastable states in the photodiodes. In addition, x‐ray sensitivity as a function of energy for a variety of phosphor screens for both fluoroscopic and radiographic operation is reported. Example images of a line‐pair pattern and an anthropomorphic phantom in each mode are presented along with a radiographic image of a human hand. General and specific improvements in imager design are described and anticipated developments are discussed. This represents the first systematic investigation of the operation and properties in both radiographic and fluoroscopic modes of an imager incorporating such an array.
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