Genetic and environmental factors of schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorder: insights from twin studies.
Genetic and environmental factors of schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorder: insights from twin studies.
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DOI：
10.1007/s00702-020-02188-w
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发表时间：
2020-11
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Ozawa H
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Imamura A;Morimoto Y;Ono S;Kurotaki N;Kanegae S;Yamamoto N;Kinoshita H;Tsujita T;Okazaki Y;Ozawa H
精神疾病如精神分裂症和自闭症谱系障碍的双胞胎研究采用了流行病学方法，通过比较单卵双胞胎（MZ）和双卵双胞胎之间的一致率来确定遗传性。这些研究的基础是MZ共享100%的遗传信息。最近，基于分子方法的生物学研究正越来越多地应用于检查精神疾病的MZ不一致之间的差异，以揭示其可能的原因。虽然新一代测序的最新进展提高了这一研究的准确性，但人们更加强调表观遗传变化与DNA序列变化相比，是MZ中不一致精神疾病的可能原因。由于表观遗传状态在每个组织类型中不同，除了来自外周血的DNA之外，正在进行使用来自死后脑诱导的神经细胞或诱导多能干细胞的DNA的研究。虽然最初认为表观遗传变化是环境因素的结果，因此不能传播，但现在知道这种变化可能在世代之间传播。因此，目前正在研究体内肠道植物群的潜在可能影响是否是MZ不一致的原因。因此，对精神疾病的双生子研究极大地有助于阐明精神疾病病因学中的遗传和环境因素。
Twin studies of psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorder have employed epidemiological approaches that determine heritability by comparing the concordance rate between monozygotic twins (MZs) and dizygotic twins. The basis for these studies is that MZs share 100% of their genetic information. Recently, biological studies based on molecular methods are now being increasingly applied to examine the differences between MZs discordance for psychiatric disorders to unravel their possible causes. Although recent advances in next-generation sequencing have increased the accuracy of this line of research, there has been greater emphasis placed on epigenetic changes versus DNA sequence changes as the probable cause of discordant psychiatric disorders in MZs. Since the epigenetic status differs in each tissue type, in addition to the DNA from the peripheral blood, studies using DNA from nerve cells induced from postmortem brains or induced pluripotent stem cells are being carried out. Although it was originally thought that epigenetic changes occurred as a result of environmental factors, and thus were not transmittable, it is now known that such changes might possibly be transmitted between generations. Therefore, the potential possible effects of intestinal flora inside the body are currently being investigated as a cause of discordance in MZs. As a result, twin studies of psychiatric disorders are greatly contributing to the elucidation of genetic and environmental factors in the etiology of psychiatric conditions.
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影响因子：
3.5
作者：
Dempster EL;Pidsley R;Schalkwyk LC;Owens S;Georgiades A;Kane F;Kalidindi S;Picchioni M;Kravariti E;Toulopoulou T;Murray RM;Mill J
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作者：
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通讯作者：
Peltonen, L
影响因子：
3.9
作者：
Ding, Helen T.;Taur, Ying;Walkup, John T.
通讯作者：
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