Hominin footprints from early Pleistocene deposits at Happisburgh, UK.
Hominin footprints from early Pleistocene deposits at Happisburgh, UK.
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英国Hoppisburgh早期更新世矿床的人本足迹。
DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0088329
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发表时间：
2014
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Stringer C
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ashton N;Lewis SG;De Groote I;Duffy SM;Bates M;Bates R;Hoare P;Lewis M;Parfitt SA;Peglar S;Williams C;Stringer C
在英国哈皮斯堡的调查显示，已知非洲以外最古老的人类足迹表面在大约100万到78万年前。长期以来，该遗址一直被认为保存着含有早更新世动植物的沉积物，但自2005年以来，也发现了人类制造的燧石工艺品，将人类占领北欧的记录延长了至少35万年。沉积物由沙、砾石和层状粉砂组成，是由大河在河口上游沉积下来的。2013年5月，前海岸暴露出大面积的层状沉积物。在其中一个层状粉砂层的表面上，在大约12平方米的面积上发现了一系列的空洞。用多图像摄影测量法记录了表面，结果表明，这些空洞明显拉长，大多数落在幼年到成年人族脚的大小范围内。在许多情况下，足弓和脚的前后可以被识别，在一个情况下，脚趾的印象可以看到。根据脚长与身高的比例，这些古人类的身高估计在0.93米到1.73米之间，表明这是一群年龄不一的人。脚印的方向表明沿着河岸的泥滩向南移动。早更新世的人类化石在欧洲极其罕见，没有来自英国的证据。西欧唯一已知的与人类年龄相仿的物种是智人，其化石残骸在西班牙的阿塔普尔卡被发现。在Happisburgh发现的古人类的脚的大小和估计的身高都在人类祖先化石证据的范围内。
Investigations at Happisburgh, UK, have revealed the oldest known hominin footprint surface outside Africa at between ca. 1 million and 0.78 million years ago. The site has long been recognised for the preservation of sediments containing Early Pleistocene fauna and flora, but since 2005 has also yielded humanly made flint artefacts, extending the record of human occupation of northern Europe by at least 350,000 years. The sediments consist of sands, gravels and laminated silts laid down by a large river within the upper reaches of its estuary. In May 2013 extensive areas of the laminated sediments were exposed on the foreshore. On the surface of one of the laminated silt horizons a series of hollows was revealed in an area of ca. 12 m2. The surface was recorded using multi-image photogrammetry which showed that the hollows are distinctly elongated and the majority fall within the range of juvenile to adult hominin foot sizes. In many cases the arch and front/back of the foot can be identified and in one case the impression of toes can be seen. Using foot length to stature ratios, the hominins are estimated to have been between ca. 0.93 and 1.73 m in height, suggestive of a group of mixed ages. The orientation of the prints indicates movement in a southerly direction on mud-flats along the river edge. Early Pleistocene human fossils are extremely rare in Europe, with no evidence from the UK. The only known species in western Europe of a similar age is Homo antecessor, whose fossil remains have been found at Atapuerca, Spain. The foot sizes and estimated stature of the hominins from Happisburgh fall within the range derived from the fossil evidence of Homo antecessor.
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