Ethical consumption in Brazil and Chile: institutional contexts and development trajectories
Ethical consumption in Brazil and Chile: institutional contexts and development trajectories
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巴西和智利的道德消费：制度背景和发展轨迹
DOI：
10.1016/j.jclepro.2013.04.040
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发表时间：
2014
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Ariztía T
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ariztía T
本文介绍了由英国经济和社会科学研究理事会（ESRC）和国际发展部（DFID）资助的巴西，智利和英国大学之间正在进行的跨国研究项目的第一个结果。选择项目旨在分析智利和巴西对道德消费的背景理解和做法。报告还进一步探讨了如何将道德消费和公共采购联系起来，并用于促进可持续发展。本文介绍了该项目第一阶段的成果，广泛的文献综述，考虑到两国“道德”，“可持续”，“负责任”和“自觉”消费的发展趋势。智利和巴西是前发展中国家，虽然他们现在都有越来越多的道德消费运动，我们认为，这些是由每个国家的政治，经济和制度轨迹的具体情况。在智利，合乎道德的消费源于市场力量，主要行为者是公司、咨询公司以及公民和消费者组织。另一方面，巴西也提供了一个非常有趣的案例，研究道德消费如何嵌入另一个拉丁美洲背景：它有一个更大的国有部门和国内市场规模，使国家，从而连续的中左翼政府，有很大的监管权力，因为它可以控制公司进入这个市场。这两个案例都表明，企业社会责任的论述和实践与道德消费的概念相结合的作用越来越大。因此，该论文指出了首先是大公司“绿色清洗”和“粉饰”的风险，其次是小生产商难以推销其产品的风险。
This paper presents the first findings of an ongoing multi-national research project between universities in Brazil, Chile and the UK funded by the UK Economic and Social Science Research Council (ESRC) and the Department for International Development (DFID). The Choices project seeks to analyse contextual understandings and practices of ethical consumption in Chile and Brazil. In a further step, it explores how ethical consumption and public procurement can be associated and used to foster sustainable development. The paper presents the outcomes of the first stage of the project, an extensive literature review considering the developing trends towards “ethical”, “sustainable”, “responsible” and “conscious” consumption in both countries. Chile and Brazil are former developing countries, and although they both now have growing ethical consumption movements, we argue that these are shaped by the specificities of each country's political, economic and institutional trajectories. In one case, Chile, ethical consumption has arisen from market forces, with lead actors being companies, consultancies and citizen and consumer organizations. Brazil, on the other hand, provides also a very interesting case for studying how ethical consumption is embedded in another Latin American context: it has a larger state sector and a domestic market size to give the state, and thus the consecutive centre-left governments, great regulatory power, since it can control firms' access to this market. Both cases showed the increasing role of corporate social responsibility discourses and practices interfacing with concepts of ethical consumption. As a consequence, the paper identifies a risk of firstly, “greenwash” and “whitewash” by large companies and secondly, of having small producers struggling to market their products.
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