Human ADAR1 Prevents Endogenous RNA from Triggering Translational Shutdown.

Human ADAR1 Prevents Endogenous RNA from Triggering Translational Shutdown.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.cell.2017.12.038
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发表时间:
2018-02-08
期刊:
影响因子:
64.5
通讯作者:
Rice CM
Rice CM
中科院分区:
生物学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Chung H;Calis JJA;Wu X;Sun T;Yu Y;Sarbanes SL;Dao Thi VL;Shilvock AR;Hoffmann HH;Rosenberg BR;Rice CM

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Type I interferon is produced when host sensors detect foreign nucleic acids, but how sensors differentiate self from nonself nucleic acids, such as double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), is incompletely understood. Mutations in ADAR1, an adenosine-to-inosine editing enzyme of dsRNA, cause Aicardi-Goutieres syndrome, an autoinflammatory disorder associated with spontaneous interferon production and neurologic sequelae. We generated ADAR1 knockout human cells to explore ADAR1 substrates and function. ADAR1 primarily edited Alu elements in RNA polymerase II (pol II) transcribed mRNAs, but not putative pol III transcribed Alus. During the IFN response, ADAR1 blocked translational shutdown by inhibiting hyperactivation of PKR, a dsRNA sensor. ADAR1 dsRNA binding and catalytic activities were required to fully prevent endogenous RNA from activating PKR. Remarkably, ADAR1 knockout neuronal progenitor cells exhibited MDA5 (dsRNA sensor)-dependent spontaneous interferon production, PKR activation, and cell death. Thus, human ADAR1 regulates sensing of self versus nonself RNA, allowing pathogen detection while avoiding autoinflammation. The human RNA editing enzyme ADAR1 prevents endogenous RNA from activating innate immune sensors (PKR, MDA5), which allows efficient translation during the IFN response.
一个 iCRISPR 平台,用于在人类多能干细胞中进行快速、可多重、可诱导的基因组编辑。
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