Can changes in the distributions of and associations between education and income bias temporal comparisons of health disparities? An exploration with causal graphs and simulations.

Can changes in the distributions of and associations between education and income bias temporal comparisons of health disparities? An exploration with causal graphs and simulations.
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教育和收入偏差的分布和关联的变化可以对健康差异进行时间比较吗?

DOI:
10.1093/aje/kwt041
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发表时间:
2013
影响因子:
5
通讯作者:
Krieger,Nancy
Krieger,Nancy
中科院分区:
医学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Chen,JarvisT;Beckfield,Jason;Waterman,PamelaD;Krieger,Nancy

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尽管社会流行病学家将社会经济地位概念化为一个多维度的结构,但大多数关于健康方面社会经济差异的研究都使用了一组有限的可观察指标(例如,教育程度、家庭收入或职业类别),并且通常一次分析和报告与一个度量有关的梯度。然而,随着时间的推移,经济结构的社会变化可能导致社会经济指标的分布和关联的变化,正如美国过去50年来教育的收入回报所发生的那样。因此,从重复的横截面调查的社会经济差距的时间比较可能会受到影响,特别是当社会经济地位的显着方面是未观察到的。我们在测量误差的框架内讨论了这种现象,并确定了可能使社会经济变化难以识别的变化来源。使用模拟,我们探讨了效用的分位数,斜率指数的不平等,相对分布的方法,以尽量减少偏见的时间比较,并发现这些方法产生正确的推论,只有在有限的条件下的时间变化。当未观测到的社会经济指标的验证数据存在时,我们将这些方法与使用插补模型进行对比。我们讨论了随着时间的推移分析不断变化的社会经济健康差距的影响。
Although socioeconomic position is conceptualized by social epidemiologists as a multidimensional construct, most research on socioeconomic disparities in health uses a limited set of observable indicators (e.g., educational attainment, household income, or occupational class) and typically analyzes and reports gradients in relation to one measure at a time. Societal changes in economic structures over time, however, can lead to changes in distributions of and associations between socioeconomic indicators, as has occurred with income returns to education in the United States over the last 50 years. Consequently, temporal comparisons of socioeconomic disparities from repeated cross-sectional surveys can be affected, particularly when salient dimensions of socioeconomic position are unobserved. We discuss this phenomenon within the framework of measurement error and identify sources of variation that can make identification of socioeconomic change difficult. Using simulations, we explore the utility of the quantile, slope index of inequality, and relative distribution approaches to minimizing bias in temporal comparisons and find that these methods yield correct inferences about temporal change only under limited conditions. We contrast these approaches with the use of an imputation model when validation data for the unobserved socioeconomic indicator exist. We discuss implications for analyzing changing socioeconomic health disparities over time.
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DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1800.2010.00500.x
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