DNA topoisomerase II and its growing repertoire of biological functions.

DNA topoisomerase II and its growing repertoire of biological functions.
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DOI:
10.1038/nrc2608
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发表时间:
2009-05
期刊:
Nature reviews. Cancer
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其他
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DNA拓扑异构酶是分解双链DNA所产生的拓扑问题的酶。其中许多问题可以通过产生单链或双链断裂来解决。然而,在明确要求通过引入瞬时双链断裂来改变DNA拓扑结构的情况下,只有DNA拓扑异构酶II (Top2)可以进行该反应。广泛的生物化学和结构研究提供了Top2如何改变DNA结构的详细模型,最近的分子研究极大地扩展了Top2功能的生物学背景,如DNA复制、转录和染色体分离,这些过程对防止肿瘤发生至关重要。
DNA topoisomerases are enzymes that disentangle the topological problems that arise from double stranded DNA. Many of these can be solved by the generation of either single or double strand breaks. However, where there is a clear requirement to alter DNA topology by introducing transient double strand breaks, only DNA topoisomerase II (Top2) can carry out this reaction. Extensive biochemical and structural studies have provided detailed models of how Top2 alters DNA structure, and recent molecular studies have greatly expanded the biological contexts where Top2 functions, such as DNA replication, transcription and chromosome segregation, processes that are essential for preventing tumorigenesis.
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