Negative cues minimize visual search specificity effects.

Negative cues minimize visual search specificity effects.
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消极线索最小化视觉搜索特异性效果。

DOI:
10.1016/j.visres.2022.108030
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发表时间:
2022-07
期刊:
影响因子:
1.8
通讯作者:
Schmidt, Joseph
Schmidt, Joseph
中科院分区:
心理学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Phelps, Ashley M.;Alexander, Robert G.;Schmidt, Joseph

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先前的目标知识(即,积极线索)提高视觉搜索性能。然而,关于干扰物知识(即,负面线索)可以引导搜索。一些研究表明,消极线索搜索项目的积极抑制,而另一些研究则认为,最初的注意力捕获的消极线索项目。先前的工作使用了图片或特定的文本线索,但没有明确地比较它们。我们建立在这项工作的基础上,通过比较积极和消极的线索,图片和分类文本标签使用逼真的对象和眼动措施。搜索显示包含一个目标(线索的积极试验),从目标类别的诱惑(线索的消极试验),和四个分类无关的干扰。与分类线索相比,具有积极线索的搜索表现导致了更强的注意力引导和更快的图像对象识别(即,图像优势,提示由图像线索提供的特定视觉细节,改进搜索)。然而,在大多数搜索性能指标,负面线索减轻了图片的优势。鉴于负面线索项目捕获的注意,产生目标的指导,但削弱了图片的优势,这些结果与现有的两个理论部分一致。具体的视觉细节提供了积极的线索产生一个大的图像优势,在所有的措施,而具体的视觉细节在消极的线索只产生一个小的图像优势,对象识别,但不注意指导。这种不对称的图像优势表明,具体的负面线索的视觉特征的权重下降是不太有效的比具体的正面线索的视觉特征的权重上升。
Prior target knowledge (i.e., positive cues) improves visual search performance. However, there is considerable debate about whether distractor knowledge (i.e., negative cues) can guide search. Some studies suggest the active suppression of negatively cued search items, while others suggest the initial capture of attention by negatively cued items. Prior work has used pictorial or specific text cues but has not explicitly compared them. We build on that work by comparing positive and negative cues presented pictorially and as categorical text labels using photorealistic objects and eye movement measures. Search displays contained a target (cued on positive trials), a lure from the target category (cued on negative trials), and four categorically-unrelated distractors. Search performance with positive cues resulted in stronger attentional guidance and faster object recognition for pictorial relative to categorical cues (i.e., a pictorial advantage, suggesting specific visual details afforded by pictorial cues improved search). However, in most search performance metrics, negative cues mitigate the pictorial advantage. Given that the negatively cued items captured attention, generated target guidance but mitigated the pictorial advantage, these results are partly consistent with both existing theories. Specific visual details provided in positive cues produce a large pictorial advantage in all measures, whereas specific visual details in negative cues only produce a small pictorial advantage for object recognition but not for attentional guidance. This asymmetry in the pictorial advantage suggests that the down-weighting of specific negatively cued visual features is less efficient than the up-weighting of specific positively cued visual features.
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