Micro but mighty-Micronutrients in the epigenetic regulation of adaptive immune responses.
Micro but mighty-Micronutrients in the epigenetic regulation of adaptive immune responses.
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DOI：
10.1111/imr.13045
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发表时间：
2022-01
影响因子：
8.7
通讯作者：
Lio CJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chen HY;Hsu M;Lio CJ
微量营养素是生物体生存所必需的微量小分子。例如，维生素和矿物质是两大类微量营养素，对新陈代谢、细胞复制、分化和免疫反应等生物过程至关重要。研究估计，全世界约有20亿人患有微量营养素缺乏症，也被称为“隐性饥饿”，与免疫反应减弱有关。虽然微量营养素在多个层面上影响免疫系统，但最近的研究表明，微量营养素可能会影响免疫细胞的分化和功能，作为表观遗传酶的辅助因子，包括参与组蛋白和DNA去甲基化的2-氧葡萄糖酸盐依赖性双加氧酶（2OGDD）家族。在这里，我们将首先概述DNA甲基化在T细胞和B细胞中的作用，然后介绍微量营养素抗坏血酸（维生素C）和铁，这是2OGDD的两个关键辅助因子。我们将讨论这些微量营养素可以通过影响表观遗传重塑来调节适应性免疫反应的新证据。
Micronutrients are essential small molecules required by organisms in minute quantity for survival. For instance, vitamins and minerals, the two major categories of micronutrients, are central for biological processes such as metabolism, cell replication, differentiation, and immune response. Studies estimated that around two billion humans worldwide suffer from micronutrient deficiencies, also known as “hidden hunger,” linked to weakened immune responses. While micronutrients affect the immune system at multiple levels, recent studies showed that micronutrients potentially impact the differentiation and function of immune cells as cofactors for epigenetic enzymes, including the 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase (2OGDD) family involved in histone and DNA demethylation. Here, we will first provide an overview of the role of DNA methylation in T cells and B cells, followed by the micronutrients ascorbate (vitamin C) and iron, two critical cofactors for 2OGDD. We will discuss the emerging evidence of these micronutrients could regulate adaptive immune response by influencing epigenetic remodeling.
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