ANALYSIS OF JOINT MOMENT DURING ASCENT AND DESCENT OF STAIRS AND SLOPES
ANALYSIS OF JOINT MOMENT DURING ASCENT AND DESCENT OF STAIRS AND SLOPES
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上下楼梯、斜坡时的关节力矩分析
DOI：
10.3951/biomechanisms.17.99
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发表时间：
2004
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
S. Sekikawa
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
J. Katsuhira;Sumiko Yamamoto;H. Maruyama;S. Sekikawa
近年来，日本的老年人口大幅增加，他们居住的许多房屋都需要进行改造。最近的调查显示，约有一半的长者希望改装房屋，而楼梯和斜坡是长者在日常生活中经常遇到的障碍。上下楼梯和斜坡的要求相当高，因此这些楼梯和斜坡应该按照日本建设部为老年人建议的数值来建造。然而，许多楼梯和斜坡是使用《建筑标准法》的上限值建造的，这一因素使老年人很难安全使用它们。为了确定推荐值的优点，我们必须客观地证明这些推荐值对ADL的身体负荷和安全性的影响。虽然关于上下楼梯的生物力学研究很多，但针对斜坡的研究很少。也有一些研究，只研究上升和下降过程中的下肢关节力矩，本研究的目的是为了揭示楼梯和斜坡的尺寸对下背部载荷的影响，以及健康的年轻人和老年人在上下楼梯和斜坡时的下背部载荷的差异。我们利用测力板和三维运动分析系统(楼梯A和斜坡A是基于日本建设部的老年人推荐值)来研究不同尺寸的两个楼梯和两个斜坡在上下楼梯和斜坡时的下背部关节力矩。而楼梯B和坡度B是基于日本《建筑标准法》的上限值)。这项研究对8名健康男性和8名老年男性进行了研究。结果表明，老年人上楼梯和斜坡时的下背部关节力矩比年轻受试者大，而两个受试者下楼梯时都没有变化。下部关节力矩在B级楼梯上升和下降时大于A级，而在两种坡度上升和下降时变化不明显。老年受试者上B阶梯时，下背部关节力矩最大。上楼梯时，各阶梯值差异对老年受试者有明显影响。虽然健康的年轻受试者在爬A、B阶梯时，膝关节伸肌力矩和踝足屈肌力矩得到适度发挥，但老年人在登A阶梯时，髋伸肌力矩过度发挥，老年人登B阶梯时不能适度发挥膝关节伸肌力矩和踝足屈肌力矩。这一髋关节策略导致躯干弯曲角较大，导致老年人下背部关节力矩增加。
In recent years the population of elderly people in Japan has increased tremendously, necessitating modifications of many of the houses they live in. Recent surveys show that about half of the elderly people want to modify their houses.Stairs and slopes are obstacles frequently encountered by elderly people in daily living activities. Ascending and descending stairs and slopes are quite demanding and therefore these should be constructed according to recommended values of the Japanese Ministry of Construction for older people. However a lot of staircases and slopes are constructed using upper limit values of the Building Standards Act, a factor which makes it difficult for older persons to use them safely. In order to determine advantages of the recommended values, we have to prove the effects of these values for body load and safety objectively in respect to ADL.Although there have been a lot of studies about biomechanics for ascending and descending stairs, there are very few for slopes. Also there are some studies, which only investigated the lower extremity joint moment during ascending and descending, but there is no study that has investigated the low back joint moment during ascending and descending stairs and slopes.The purpose of this study was to show the effects of dimensions of stairs and slopes on the low back load and to show the differences of low back load between young healthy adults and older people during ascent and descent.We investigated the low back joint moment when subjects ascended and descended two stairs and two slopes of different dimensions using force plates and a three-dimensional motion analysis system (staircase A and slope A were based on recommended values of the Japanese Ministry of Construction for older people, while staircase B and slope B were based on upper limit values of the Building Standards Act in Japan). This study was performed on eight healthy men and eight elderly men.Results showed that the low back joint moments when older subjects ascended stairs and slopes was larger than those of young subjects, while no change was noticed when both subjects descended stairs. Also low back joint moment became larger during ascent and descent of staircase B than that of staircase A, while no change was noticed during ascent and descent of the two types of slope. Low back joint moment was largest when elderly subjects ascended staircase B. Differences of staircase values had distinct effects on elderly subjects when ascending. Although knee extensor moment and ankle plantar flexor moment were moderately exerted when a healthy young subject ascended staircases A and B; when older subjects ascended staircase A, hip extensor moment was excessively exerted and knee extensor moment and ankle plantar flexor moment couldn't be moderately exerted when older subjects ascended staircase B. This hip strategy caused large trunk bending angle and resulted in increased low back joint moment in the older persons.These results showed that using a type B staircase required a large low back load and therefore is inappropriate for elderly persons.
DOI：
10.1016/s0003-9993(98)90013-2
发表时间：
1998-03-01
影响因子：
4.3
作者：
Kerrigan, DC;Todd, MK;Collins, JJ
通讯作者：
Collins, JJ