Aerobic exercise effects on cognitive and neural plasticity in older adults.
Aerobic exercise effects on cognitive and neural plasticity in older adults.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1136/bjsm.2008.052498
复制
发表时间：
2009-01
影响因子：
18.4
通讯作者：
Kramer AF
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Erickson KI;Kramer AF
老年人经常经历认知缺陷，伴随着脑组织和一些皮质和皮质下区域的功能的恶化。由于这一共同的发现和世界各地许多国家日益老龄化的人口，人们越来越有兴趣评估参与或改变某些生活方式可以预防或逆转老年人认知和神经衰退的可能性。在这篇综述中，我们批判性地评估和总结了横断面和纵向研究，评估有氧运动和健身对老年痴呆症患者和非老年痴呆症患者的认知能力，脑容量和脑功能的影响。我们认为，6个月的中等水平的有氧运动足以产生显着的改善认知功能与最显着的效果发生在执行控制的措施。这些改善伴随着大脑活动测量的改变以及前额叶和颞叶灰质体积的增加，从而转化为更高效和有效的神经系统。大脑退化和认知能力下降被认为是衰老的共同特征。然而，很明显，并不是每个人都以相同的速度或相同的程度经历衰老。老年人在认知和大脑功能方面的个体差异表明，退化和衰退既不是普遍存在的，也不是衰老的必然特征。这就引出了以下问题：是什么因素解释了老年人的一些个体差异，使一些人保留了认知和大脑功能，而另一些人则陷入衰退和衰退的轨道？除了确定个体差异因素外，最近的干预措施表明，认知和大脑退化并非不可改变，老年人的大脑保留了一些可塑性，可以利用这些可塑性来逆转可能已经明显的退化和衰退。在这篇综述中，我们总结了有氧运动对预防和逆转老年认知和大脑衰退的影响的研究，并为利用运动来利用大脑的自然可塑性能力提供了实用的建议。认知和行为研究衰老的特征通常是前额叶、颞叶、海马和小脑中的白色物质和灰质组织的退化。顶叶皮层，其他区域如初级运动和视觉皮层的组织相对较少。1组织退化往往伴随着认知能力的下降
Older adults frequently experience cognitive deficits accompanied by deterioration of brain tissue and function in a number of cortical and subcortical regions. Because of this common finding and the increasing ageing population in many countries throughout the world, there is an increasing interest in assessing the possibility that partaking in or changing certain lifestyles could prevent or reverse cognitive and neural decay in older adults. In this review we critically evaluate and summarise the cross-sectional and longitudinal studies that assess the impact of aerobic exercise and fitness on cognitive performance, brain volume, and brain function in older adults with and without dementia. We argue that 6 months of moderate levels of aerobic activity are sufficient to produce significant improvements in cognitive function with the most dramatic effects occurring on measures of executive control. These improvements are accompanied by altered brain activity measures and increases in prefrontal and temporal grey matter volume that translate into a more efficient and effective neural system. Brain deterioration and cognitive decline are considered common characteristics of ageing. However, it is clear that not everyone experiences senescence at the same rate or to the same degree. Individual differences in the quality of cognitive and brain function in old age suggest that deterioration and decay are neither ubiquitous nor inevitable characteristics of ageing. This begs the following question: what are the factors that explain some of the individual differences in old age, allowing some people to retain cognitive and brain function, while pushing others into a trajectory of decline and decay? In addition to determining individual difference factors, recent interventions demonstrate that cognitive and brain deterioration is not unalterable and that the older adult brain retains some plasticity that can be taken advantage of in order to reverse deterioration and decay that may already be manifest. In this review we summarise research on the effect of aerobic exercise on preventing and reversing cognitive and brain decay in old age and provide practical recommendations for utilising exercise to take advantage of the brain’s natural capacity for plasticity.COGNITIVE AND BEHAVIOURAL RESEARCH Ageing is often characterised by deterioration of both white matter and grey matter tissue in the prefrontal, temporal, and parietal cortices with relative sparing of tissue in other regions such as primary motor and visual cortex. 1 Tissue deterioration is often accompanied by decline in cognitive
登录
查看更多内容
影响因子：
3.4
作者：
Berchtold, NC;Kesslak, JP;Cotman, CW
通讯作者：
Cotman, CW
影响因子：
9.9
作者：
Burns JM;Cronk BB;Anderson HS;Donnelly JE;Thomas GP;Harsha A;Brooks WM;Swerdlow RH
通讯作者：
Swerdlow RH
影响因子：
9.3
作者：
Nichol KE;Poon WW;Parachikova AI;Cribbs DH;Glabe CG;Cotman CW
通讯作者：
Cotman CW
影响因子：
5.3
作者：
Adlard, PA;Perreau, VM;Cotman, CW
通讯作者：
Cotman, CW
DOI：
10.1016/j.apmr.2008.01.013
发表时间：
2008-07-01
影响因子：
4.3
作者：
Fisher, Beth E.;Wu, Allan D.;Petzinger, Giselle
通讯作者：
Petzinger, Giselle