Birds groom more in regions with higher parasite pressure: a comparison of temperate and subtropical American kestrels
Birds groom more in regions with higher parasite pressure: a comparison of temperate and subtropical American kestrels
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鸟类在寄生虫压力较高的地区会更多地梳理毛发：温带和亚热带美洲红隼的比较
DOI：
10.1016/j.anbehav.2023.04.015
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发表时间：
2023
期刊：
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Clayton, Dale H.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bush, Sarah E.;Waller, Matthew M.;Herman, Jordan M.;Hobbs, Kristen S.;Clayton, Austin R.;Watson, Jesse L.;Oleyar, M. David;Clayton, Dale H.
HighlightsAmerican Kestrels在梳理时间上存在季节性和地理性差异。亚热带地区的鸟类比温带地区的鸟类梳理更多。寄生羽虱在亚热带地区比温带鸟类更丰富。这两个地区的鸟类在夏季（换羽期间）比冬季梳理更多。梳理行为，即保持和清洁外皮，是鸟类，哺乳动物和节肢动物的普遍行为。理毛在多大程度上受到大规模环境差异的影响，如地理和季节变化，仍然在很大程度上未被探索。我们调查的空间和时间变化的梳理行为的一种常见的鸟类，美国红隼，隼sparverius。具体而言，我们比较了红隼在亚热带巴哈马的红隼在温带北方犹他州，美国，在夏季和冬季的自我梳理行为（梳理和抓挠）。我们还比较了寄生虫“压力”的差异，通过量化的流行率和丰富的外寄生虱（昆虫纲：Phthiraptera）红隼在这两个位置。与干旱地区相比，巴哈马红隼的虱子明显多于犹他州红隼，这是潮湿地区鸟类的典型特征。巴哈马红隼的梳理次数明显多于犹他州红隼，这可能会限制巴哈马红隼的时间活动预算。然而，在每个地区，虱子多的鸟并没有梳理更多的虱子。这种模式与程序化修饰的地理差异相一致，而不是刺激驱动的修饰。这两个地方的红隼在夏季比冬季梳理得更多，大概是因为羽毛换羽发生在夏季。据我们所知，这项研究首次证明了任何动物理毛行为的地理差异。需要实验研究来确认这种变化的原因和后果。在其他鸟类，以及哺乳动物和节肢动物的梳理的空间和时间的比较，将是有益的。
HighlightsAmerican kestrels varied in grooming time, both seasonally and geographically.Birds in the subtropics groomed more than birds in the temperate region.Parasitic feather lice were more abundant on subtropical than temperate birds.Birds in both regions groomed more in summer (during moult) than in winter.Grooming behaviour, which maintains and cleans the integument, is a widespread behaviour of birds, mammals and arthropods. The extent to which grooming is influenced by large-scale environmental differences, such as geographical and seasonal variation, remains largely unexplored. We investigated spatial and temporal variation in the grooming behaviour of a common species of bird, the American kestrel, Falco sparverius. Specifically, we compared the self-grooming behaviour (preening and scratching) of kestrels in the subtropical Bahamas to kestrels in temperate northern Utah, USA, in both summer and winter. We also compared differences in parasite ‘pressure’by quantifying the prevalence and abundance of ectoparasitic lice (Insecta: Phthiraptera) on kestrels in both locations. Bahama kestrels had significantly more lice than Utah kestrels, which is typical of birds in humid regions, compared to arid regions. Bahama kestrels groomed significantly more than Utah kestrels, which may constrain the time–activity budgets of Bahama kestrels. Within each region, however, birds with more lice did not groom more. This pattern is consistent with geographical differences in programmed grooming, rather than stimulus-driven grooming. Kestrels in both locations groomed significantly more in summer than in winter, presumably because feather moult occurs in summer. To our knowledge, this study provides the first demonstration of geographical variation in the grooming behaviour of any animal. Experimental studies are needed to confirm the causes and consequences of this variation. Spatial and temporal comparisons of grooming in other birds, as well as mammals and arthropods, would be informative.
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--
发表时间：
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期刊：
International Journal of Parasitology
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