Health Implications of Low Cardiorespiratory Fitness, Too Little Exercise, and Too Much Sitting Time: Changing Paradigms and Perceptions
Health Implications of Low Cardiorespiratory Fitness, Too Little Exercise, and Too Much Sitting Time: Changing Paradigms and Perceptions
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心肺健康水平低下、运动太少和久坐时间过多对健康的影响：改变观念和观念
DOI：
--
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发表时间：
2011
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
B. Franklin
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
B. Franklin
健康促进专业人士和医学界长期以来都知道，定期体育锻炼在对抗慢性疾病和促进心血管健康方面发挥着重要作用。根据最近一项关于美国实际死亡原因的研究，缺乏身体活动、吸烟和营养不良被列为与生活方式相关的最重要的危险因素。有氧能力或心肺健康，以代谢当量（MET；1 MET 相当于静息时的能量消耗，3.5 mL O2/kg/min）表示，似乎是心血管健康和长寿最有力的预测因素之一。静息能量消耗的倍数通常用于量化常见职业和休闲活动的有氧需求（表 1）。健康的青壮年一般有氧能力为8至12 MET。此外，高水平的心肺健康与降低患心脏病的风险相关，而且降低的程度比仅通过身体活动所获得的风险更大（图1）。尽管美国进行了三十年的所谓运动革命，但让人们更加活跃的传统模式（即结构化运动计划）收效甚微。事实上，初步研究表明，健康/健身俱乐部的新会员通常每月使用这些设施的次数少于两次。 2005 年，大约 24% 的美国成年人表示没有休闲活动，只有 31% 的人符合美国疾病控制与预防中心 (CDC) 和美国运动医学学院的公共卫生建议（即“每个美国成年人应在一周中的大部分时间（最好是全部天）积累 30 分钟或以上的中等强度体力活动”）。年轻人（18-24 岁）比老年人（§65 岁）更有可能满足建议，白人和拥有大学学位的人与其他种族或族裔群体或受过较少正规教育的人相比也是如此。
Health promotion professionals and the medical community have known for a long time that regular physical activity plays a significant role in combating chronic diseases and promoting cardiovascular health. According to a recent study on the actual causes of death in the United States, physical inactivity, along with cigarette smoking and poor nutrition, was rated among the most important lifestyle-related risk factors. Aerobic capacity or cardiorespiratory fitness, expressed as metabolic equivalents (METs; 1 MET is equivalent to the energy expenditure at rest, 3.5 mL O2/kg/min), appears to be one of the most powerful predictors of cardiovascular health and longevity. Multiples of the resting energy expenditure are often used to quantify the aerobic requirements of common occupational and leisure-time activities (Table 1). Healthy young to middle-aged adults generally have an aerobic capacity of 8 to 12 METs. Moreover, a high level of cardiorespiratory fitness is associated with a reduced risk of heart disease, and the reduction is greater than that obtained merely by being physically active (Figure 1). Despite three decades of the so-called exercise revolution in the United States, the traditional model for getting people more physically active (i.e., a structured exercise program) has been only marginally effective. In fact, preliminary studies suggest that new members of health/fitness clubs typically use these facilities less than twice per month. In 2005, approximately 24% of U.S. adults reported no leisure-time activity, and only 31% met the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the American College of Sports Medicine public health recommendation (i.e., ‘‘Every U.S. adult should accumulate 30 minutes or more of moderate-intensity physical activity on most, preferably all, days of the week’’). Younger people (18–24 years of age) were more likely to meet the recommendation than were older people (§65 years), as were white individuals and persons with a college degree as compared with other racial or ethnic groups or individuals with less formal education.
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DOI：
10.1001/jama.1996.03540030039029
发表时间：
1996
期刊：
JAMA
影响因子：
--
作者：
S. Blair;J. Kampert;H. Kohl;C. Barlow;C. Macera;R. Paffenbarger;L. Gibbons
通讯作者：
S. Blair;J. Kampert;H. Kohl;C. Barlow;C. Macera;R. Paffenbarger;L. Gibbons
影响因子：
120.7
作者：
Wei, M;Kampert, JB;Blair, SN
通讯作者：
Blair, SN
DOI：
--
发表时间：
--
期刊：
--
影响因子：
--
作者：
通讯作者：
--
影响因子：
158.5
作者：
Manson, JE;Greenland, P;Siscovick, DS
通讯作者：
Siscovick, DS
影响因子：
120.7
作者：
Dunn, AL;Marcus, BH;Blair, SN
通讯作者：
Blair, SN