'To the victor go the spoils': Infants expect resources to align with dominance structures.

'To the victor go the spoils': Infants expect resources to align with dominance structures.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.cognition.2017.03.008
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发表时间:
2017-07
期刊:
影响因子:
3.4
通讯作者:
Sommerville JA
Sommerville JA
中科院分区:
心理学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Enright EA;Gweon H;Sommerville JA

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先前的研究发现,在生命的第一年,婴儿拥有丰富的社会结构知识(即,某些个体比其他个体占优势)以及关于资源分配的期望(即,资源通常均等地分配给接收者)。我们研究了婴儿对资源分配的期望是否可以通过接受者之间的优势结构信息来调节。我们首先重复了这一发现,即当婴儿的目标发生冲突时,他们会将一个稳定的统治等级归因于一对个体,其中一个个体屈服于另一个个体。1),这种敏感性不是由较低层次的感知因素(实验。2)。在实验3 - 5中,我们测试了我们的主要假设,即婴儿对平等和不平等分布的注意力是先验社会优势信息的函数。我们首先复制并扩展了先前的工作,建立了婴儿在没有提供关于接受者的优势的先验信息时,对不平等的资源分配的观察时间明显长于平等的资源分配(实验)。3)。重要的是,在社会优势信息之后,婴儿对资源平等分配的关注时间明显长于对优势个体有利的分配(实验)。4),并期待显着更长的时间时,服从的个人收到更多的资源相比,当占主导地位的个人收到更多的资源(摘录。4和5)。总之,这些发现表明,婴儿期望资源与社会主导结构保持一致。
Previous research has found that within the first year of life infants possess rich knowledge about social structures (i.e., that some individuals are dominant over other individuals) as well as expectations about resource distributions (i.e., that resources are typically distributed equally to recipients). We investigated whether infants’ expectations about resource distribution can be modulated by information about the dominance structure between the recipients. We first replicated the finding that infants attribute a stable dominance hierarchy to a pair of individuals when their goals conflicted and one individual yielded to the other (Expt. 1), and that this sensitivity is not driven by lower-level perceptual factors (Expt. 2). In Experiments 3 – 5, we tested our main hypothesis that infants’ attention to equal and unequal distributions varies as a function of prior social dominance information. We first replicated and extended prior work by establishing that infants looked significantly longer to unequal than equal resource distributions when no prior information about dominance was provided about recipients (Expt. 3). Critically, following social dominance information, infants looked significantly longer to an equal distribution of resources than a distribution that favored the dominant individual (Expt. 4), and looked significantly longer when the submissive individual received more resources compared to when the dominant individual received more resources (Expts. 4 & 5). Together, these findings suggest that infants expect resources to align with social dominance structures.
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