A century-long record of plant evolution reconstructed from a coastal marsh seed bank.
A century-long record of plant evolution reconstructed from a coastal marsh seed bank.
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DOI：
10.1002/evl3.242
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发表时间：
2021-08
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
Herrick JD
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Blum MJ;Saunders CJ;McLachlan JS;Summers J;Craft C;Herrick JD
越来越多的证据表明，气候驱动的环境条件变化可以引发生物进化，但很少有长期记录响应的速度和进展，特别是对于能够改变生态系统的植物。在这项研究中，我们"复活"队列的基础沿海沼泽莎草（Schoenoplectus americanus）从时间分层的种子库重建一个世纪长的记录，遗传变异的盐度暴露。共同花园实验表明，S。americanus在表型性状和基于生物量的耐盐性测量中表现出可遗传的变异。我们发现，盐暴露的反应不同的复苏的同伙，从世纪初的植物表现出更大的耐盐性比那些从中期到后期的20世纪世纪。耐盐性的波动可以反映随机变化，但一致的记录的基因型变异点的替代可能性，即功能的损失和增益是由选择驱动的，与历史降雨和古盐度记录的比较表明，选择压力根据变化的河口条件。由于S. americanus与初级生产力和其他重要的生态系统属性紧密相连，这些发现表明，生物进化值得进一步考虑，作为塑造沿海沼泽对气候变化反应的一个因素。
Evidence is mounting that climate‐driven shifts in environmental conditions can elicit organismal evolution, yet there are sparingly few long‐term records that document the tempo and progression of responses, particularly for plants capable of transforming ecosystems. In this study, we “resurrected” cohorts of a foundational coastal marsh sedge (Schoenoplectus americanus) from a time‐stratified seed bank to reconstruct a century‐long record of heritable variation in response to salinity exposure. Common‐garden experiments revealed that S. americanus exhibits heritable variation in phenotypic traits and biomass‐based measures of salinity tolerance. We found that responses to salinity exposure differed among the revived cohorts, with plants from the early 20th century exhibiting greater salinity tolerance than those from the mid to late 20th century. Fluctuations in salinity tolerance could reflect stochastic variation but a congruent record of genotypic variation points to the alternative possibility that the loss and gain in functionality are driven by selection, with comparisons to historical rainfall and paleosalinity records suggesting that selective pressures vary according to shifting estuarine conditions. Because salinity tolerance in S. americanus is tightly coupled to primary productivity and other vital ecosystem attributes, these findings indicate that organismal evolution merits further consideration as a factor shaping coastal marsh responses to climate change.
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