Do placebo response rates from cessation trials inform on strength of addictions?
Do placebo response rates from cessation trials inform on strength of addictions?
复制标题
戒烟试验的安慰剂应答率是否会导致成瘾的力量？
DOI：
10.3390/ijerph9010192
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发表时间：
2012-01
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Aubin HJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Moore RA;Aubin HJ
有一种隐含的假设，即对不同物质的上瘾程度从弱(更容易戒除)到强(更难戒除)不等，尽管缺乏明确的定义。我们的假设是，成瘾的强度可以通过使用安慰剂或不使用治疗对照组的戒毒率来衡量，较弱的成瘾会比较强的成瘾有更高的戒断率。我们报告了对戒烟试验的系统评价和荟萃分析的概述，使用随机或准随机试验，并报告客观测量的禁欲。比较的结果是戒烟率--通常是根据六个月或更长时间的禁欲的客观测试，参与者禁欲的百分比。共发现了28份戒烟综述(139,000名参与者)。大多数数据来自超过12.7万名参与者的戒烟评论，其他评论每个参与者都有几千人。很少有综述使用不到三个月的研究数据，几乎所有的综述都是使用客观的衡量标准来确定禁欲。在使用客观戒断措施的随机试验中，通常持续6个月以上的安慰剂戒断率为尼古丁8%，酒精18%，可卡因47%，阿片类药物44%。来自安慰剂戒断率的证据表明，尼古丁比酒精、可卡因和阿片类药物更难戒除。烟草也是一种严重的成瘾，在大量的人中具有一些重大的有害健康影响。
There is an implied assumption that addictions to different substances vary in strength from weak (easier to stop) to strong (harder to stop), though explicit definitions are lacking. Our hypothesis is that the strength of addictions can be measured by cessation rates found with placebo or no treatment controls, and that a weaker addiction would have a higher cessation rate than a stronger addiction. We report an overview of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of cessation trials, using randomised or quasi-randomised trials and reporting objectively-measured abstinence. The outcome for comparison was quit rates–typically the percentage of participants abstinent according to an objective test of abstinence at six months or longer. Twenty-eight cessation reviews (139,000 participants) were found. Most data came from reviews of smoking cessation in over 127,000 participants, and other reviews each covered a few thousand participants. Few reviews used data from studies shorter than three months, and almost all determined abstinence using objective measures. Cessation rates with placebo in randomised trials using objective measures of abstinence and typically over six months duration were 8% for nicotine, 18% for alcohol, 47% for cocaine, and 44% for opioids. Evidence from placebo cessation rates indicates that nicotine is more difficult to give up than alcohol, cocaine, and opioids. Tobacco is also a severe addiction, with a number of major deleterious health effects in a large number of people.
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影响因子：
7.4
作者：
Barden, J;Edwards, JE;Moore, RA
通讯作者：
Moore, RA
影响因子：
3.4
作者：
Cooney, Ned L.;Litt, Mark D.;Steinberg, Howard R.
通讯作者：
Steinberg, Howard R.
影响因子：
5.1
作者：
Dornelas, EA;Sampson, RA;Thompson, PD
通讯作者：
Thompson, PD
DOI：
10.1016/s0197-2456(97)00024-x
发表时间：
1997-12-01
期刊：
CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIALS
影响因子：
--
作者：
Flather, MD;Farkouh, ME;Yusuf, S
通讯作者：
Yusuf, S
影响因子：
4.2
作者：
Farré, M;Mas, A;Camí, J
通讯作者：
Camí, J