Personality psychology: lexical approaches, assessment methods, and trait concepts reveal only half of the story--why it is time for a paradigm shift.
Personality psychology: lexical approaches, assessment methods, and trait concepts reveal only half of the story--why it is time for a paradigm shift.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1007/s12124-013-9230-6
复制
发表时间：
2013-03
影响因子：
1.2
通讯作者：
Uher, Jana
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Uher, Jana
关键词：
本文为人格心理学发展了一个全面的科学哲学，远远超出了目前流行的词汇方法，评估方法和特质概念的范围。该领域最重要的指导性科学假设之一，词汇假设，从元理论的观点进行分析，以揭示它明确描述了两组必须明确区分的现象：1）词汇库及其编码的表征和2）表征的现象种类。到目前为止，人格心理学家在很大程度上只探索了前者，而严重忽视了对后者的研究。对这些不同类型的现象及其不同的性质、共性、差异和相互关系的元理论分析表明，人格心理学对词汇方法、评估方法和特质概念的关注导致了：a）对所研究的现象实际上是什么以及如何分析和解释这些现象的错误元理论假设，B）当代人格心理学在很大程度上基于日常心理学知识，以及C）特质心理学中使用的科学解释的基本循环。这些发现严重挑战了关于杰出人格模型所描述的现象的因果和普遍地位的广泛假设。词汇假设的知识现状进行了审查，人格心理学的影响进行了讨论。未来研究的十个迫切需要的概述，以克服目前的范式固定，大大阻碍了智力创新和进步的领域。
This article develops a comprehensive philosophy-of-science for personality psychology that goes far beyond the scope of the lexical approaches, assessment methods, and trait concepts that currently prevail. One of the field’s most important guiding scientific assumptions, the lexical hypothesis, is analysed from meta-theoretical viewpoints to reveal that it explicitly describes two sets of phenomena that must be clearly differentiated: 1) lexical repertoires and the representations that they encode and 2) the kinds of phenomena that are represented. Thus far, personality psychologists largely explored only the former, but have seriously neglected studying the latter. Meta-theoretical analyses of these different kinds of phenomena and their distinct natures, commonalities, differences, and interrelations reveal that personality psychology’s focus on lexical approaches, assessment methods, and trait concepts entails a) erroneous meta-theoretical assumptions about what the phenomena being studied actually are, and thus how they can be analysed and interpreted, b) that contemporary personality psychology is largely based on everyday psychological knowledge, and c) a fundamental circularity in the scientific explanations used in trait psychology. These findings seriously challenge the widespread assumptions about the causal and universal status of the phenomena described by prominent personality models. The current state of knowledge about the lexical hypothesis is reviewed, and implications for personality psychology are discussed. Ten desiderata for future research are outlined to overcome the current paradigmatic fixations that are substantially hampering intellectual innovation and progress in the field.
影响因子：
5.9
作者：
ANGLEITNER, A;OSTENDORF, F;JOHN, OP
通讯作者：
JOHN, OP