Hydraulic fracturing and political conflict: News media coverage of topics and themes across nine states
Hydraulic fracturing and political conflict: News media coverage of topics and themes across nine states
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水力压裂和政治冲突：新闻媒体对九个州的话题和主题的报道
DOI：
10.1016/j.erss.2020.101660
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发表时间：
2020
影响因子：
6.7
通讯作者：
Yordy, Jill
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Berardo, Ramiro;Holm, Federico;Heikkila, Tanya;Weible, Christopher M.;Yi, Hongtao;Kagan, Jennifer;Chen, Catherine;Yordy, Jill
本文比较了11年来美国9个州的报纸上关于水力压裂的公开辩论。在使用潜在狄利克雷分配（LDA）模型分析7000多篇报纸文章时，出现了13个主要主题。虽然这些话题随着时间的推移而波动，但它们在话语中的相对频率和重要性在很大程度上保持不变。当所有数据被汇总后，与实践相关的环境风险是受到更多关注的主题。我们发现，话题的频率因州而异，这种变化的性质与州的政治倾向有关，共和党统治州的媒体来源更有可能报道与水力压裂相关的经济效益。最后，我们展示了所有主题是如何与表明参与讨论水力压裂成本和收益的利益相关者之间存在冲突的单词相关联的。在此过程中，我们描述了主题和冲突之间的关联如何根据哪一方统治国家而变化，这为各方如何考虑我们研究的州的水力压裂实践的根本差异提供了证据。在文章的最后，我们讨论了该方法的优点和缺点，可以利用该方法来辨别环境和能源相关问题的讨论趋势，而不仅仅是水力压裂的具体情况。
This article compares the topics that underlie public debate around hydraulic fracturing covered in newspapers across nine U.S. states over an eleven-year period. In analyzing more than 7000 newspaper articles using Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) modeling, thirteen main topics emerge. While these topics fluctuate over time, their relative frequency and, hence, importance in the discourse remains largely constant. The environmental risks associated with the practice is the topic that receives more attention when all data are aggregated. We find that the frequency of the topics varies by state, and the nature of this variation is associated with the political leanings of the state, with media sources in Republican governed states more likely to report on the economic benefits associated with hydraulic fracturing. Finally, we show how all topics are associated with words that indicate the presence of conflict among stakeholders involved in discussions about the costs and benefits of hydraulic fracturing. In doing so, we describe how the association between topics and conflict varies according to which party governs the state, which provides evidence about the fundamental differences on how parties consider the practice of hydraulic fracturing in the states we study. We conclude the article by discussing the advantages and disadvantages of our methodological approach, which can be leveraged to discern trends in discussions about environmental and energy-related problems that exceed the specific case of hydraulic fracturing.
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