Selective cortical representation of attended speaker in multi-talker speech perception.
Selective cortical representation of attended speaker in multi-talker speech perception.
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DOI：
10.1038/nature11020
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发表时间：
2012-05-10
期刊：
影响因子：
64.8
通讯作者：
Chang, Edward F.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Mesgarani, Nima;Chang, Edward F.
人类拥有一种非凡的能力，可以在多人说话的背景中注意到单个说话者的声音。听觉系统如何在这种声学上复杂和不利的收听条件下设法提取可理解的语音尚不清楚，并且实际上，尚不清楚被关注的语音如何在内部表示。在这里，使用来自参与两个同时说话者的听力任务的受试者的皮层的多电极表面记录，我们证明了非初级人类听觉皮层中的群体反应编码了参与语音的关键特征：基于对说话者混合的皮层响应重构的语音频谱图揭示了所关注的说话者的显著频谱和时间特征，就好像受试者只听那个演讲者说话一样。一个简单的分类器只训练的例子，单个扬声器可以解码出席的话和扬声器的身份。我们发现，任务表现是很好的预测在单电极和人口水平的皮层反应的注意力调制的神经选择性的快速增加。这些研究结果表明，语音的皮层表征不仅反映了外部声学环境，而是引起了与听者的预期目标相关的感知方面。
Humans possess a remarkable ability to attend to a single speaker’s voice in a multi-talker background. How the auditory system manages to extract intelligible speech under such acoustically complex and adverse listening conditions is not known, and, indeed, it is not clear how attended speech is internally represented. Here, using multi-electrode surface recordings from the cortex of subjects engaged in a listening task with two simultaneous speakers, we demonstrate that population responses in non-primary human auditory cortex encode critical features of attended speech: speech spectrograms reconstructed based on cortical responses to the mixture of speakers reveal the salient spectral and temporal features of the attended speaker, as if subjects were listening to that speaker alone. A simple classifier trained solely on examples of single speakers can decode both attended words and speaker identity. We find that task performance is well predicted by a rapid increase in attention-modulated neural selectivity across both single-electrode and population-level cortical responses. These findings demonstrate that the cortical representation of speech does not merely reflect the external acoustic environment, but instead gives rise to the perceptual aspects relevant for the listener’s intended goal.
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