A Relational Approach to Evil Action: Vulnerability and its Exploitation

A Relational Approach to Evil Action: Vulnerability and its Exploitation
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邪恶行为的关系方法:脆弱性及其利用

DOI:
10.1007/s10790-018-9637-x
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发表时间:
2019
期刊:
The Journal of Value Inquiry
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Zachary J. Goldberg
Zachary J. Goldberg
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Zachary J. Goldberg

文献摘要

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在这篇文章中,我寻求对邪恶行为的更全面的理解。为此,在文章的前半部分,我评估了当代哲学文献中最引人注目的邪恶行为理论的概念优势和弱点。我的结论是,属于我称之为“细致入微的伤害账户”类别的理论成功地确定了这一概念的必要和充分条件。然而,必要和充分条件并不与显著特征共延,即使它们是正确的,细微的伤害账户也是不完整的。为了补充它们,在文章的后半部分,我研究了邪恶的肇事者和受害者之间的规范关系,发现他们是不对称权力关系的当事人,在这种关系中,较弱一方的脆弱性被较强的一方利用,以获得利益,快乐,或以其他方式实现其目标。此外,关系中的各方相互启用彼此相对的角色。更强大的一方的力量来自受害者的脆弱状态,受害者相对于犯罪者的力量来说是脆弱的。
In this article I seek a more complete understanding of evil action. To this end, in the first half of the article I assess the conceptual strengths and weaknesses of the most compelling theories of evil action found in the contemporary philosophical literature. I conclude that the theories that fall under the category I call ‘‘Nuanced Harm Accounts’’successfully identify the necessary and sufficient conditions of the concept. However, necessary and sufficient conditions are not coextensive with significant features, and Nuanced Harm Accounts are incomplete even if they are correct. In order to supplement them, in the second half of the article I examine the normative relation that obtains between perpetrators and victims of evil and find them to be parties to a relation of asymmetrical power in which the vulnerability of the weaker party is exploited by the stronger party for its advantage, pleasure, or otherwise to achieve its aims. Moreover, the parties in the relation reciprocally enable each other’s role relative to one another. The strength of the more powerful party emerges out of the states of vulnerability of the victims, and the victims are vulnerable relative to the power (s) of the perpetrator.
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