Sexuality and gender role in autism spectrum disorder: a case control study.
Sexuality and gender role in autism spectrum disorder: a case control study.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0087961
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发表时间：
2014
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Eriksson JM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bejerot S;Eriksson JM
“自闭症的极端男性大脑理论”描述了一种极端的男性认知特征模式，定义为自闭症谱系障碍中强大的系统化能力与同情心的弱点。然而，除了这些认知特征，临床观察表明，一个模糊的性别类型的模式，关于几个性二态特征。本研究的目的是调查自闭症谱系障碍和对照组之间的非认知性二态性特征的模式是否不同。50名患有自闭症谱系障碍且智力在正常范围内的成年人和53名神经典型对照回答了有关性别角色、自我感知的性别典型性和性别认同以及性取向的问题。所使用的措施是瑞典的修改本性别角色清单和问题的性和性别设计的目的，这项研究。我们的研究结果表明，一个共同的性别角色出现在自闭症谱系障碍组。男性气质（如自信，领导力和竞争力）在自闭症谱系障碍组中比对照组中弱，无论男性还是女性。自我感知的性别典型性在两组之间没有差异，但男性化和双性恋在患有自闭症谱系障碍的女性中比例过高。与对照组相比，患有自闭症谱系障碍的男性和女性参与者的性欲都较低。我们的结论是，极端的男性模式的认知功能在自闭症的大脑似乎并没有延伸到性别角色和性。在自闭症谱系障碍中，这些类型的特征的性别非典型模式被提出。
The ‘extreme male brain theory of autism’ describes an extreme male pattern of cognitive traits defined as strong systemising abilities paired with empathising weaknesses in autism spectrum disorder. However, beyond these cognitive traits, clinical observations have suggested an ambiguous gender-typed pattern regarding several sexually dimorphic traits. The aim of the present study was to investigate if patterns of non-cognitive sexually dimorphic traits differed between the autism spectrum disorder and control groups. Fifty adults with autism spectrum disorder and intelligence within the normal range, and 53 neurotypical controls responded to questions on gender role, self-perceived gender typicality and gender identity, as well as sexuality. Measures used were a Swedish modification of the Bem Sex Role Inventory and questions on sexuality and gender designed for the purpose of this study. Our results showed that one common gender role emerged in the autism spectrum disorder group. Masculinity (e.g. assertiveness, leadership and competitiveness) was weaker in the autism spectrum disorder group than in the controls, across men and women. Self-perceived gender typicality did not differ between the groups but tomboyism and bisexuality were overrepresented amongst women with autism spectrum disorder. Lower libido was reported amongst both male and female participants with autism spectrum disorder compared with controls. We conclude that the extreme male patterns of cognitive functions in the autistic brain do not seem to extend to gender role and sexuality. A gender-atypical pattern for these types of characteristics is suggested in autism spectrum disorder.
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