Neuromodulation by mGluRs in Sound Localization Circuits in the Auditory Brainstem.
Neuromodulation by mGluRs in Sound Localization Circuits in the Auditory Brainstem.
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DOI：
10.3389/fncir.2020.599600
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发表时间：
2020
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Lu Y
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Goel N;Peng K;Lu Y
人类和动物在复杂的声学环境中定位声源的能力有助于交流和生存。两个线索用于声音定位在水平面，耳间的时间和电平差（ITD和ILD），这是由不同的神经回路在脑干中进行分析。本文综述了代谢型谷氨酸受体（mGluR）对脑干神经元内在特性和突触特性的调节作用。哺乳动物和鸟类动物模型都已被使用，每种动物都有其各自的优势，而另一种动物则没有。对于哺乳动物模型，我们讨论了mGluR的神经调制在ILD电路，重点是最近发现的差异调制的突触传递不同的递质释放模式。对于鸟类模型，我们专注于审查mGluR的神经调制的ITD通路，强调tonotopic分布和突触可塑性的mGluR调制的重合检测神经元。未来的工作建议进一步研究mGluRs在声音定位回路中的功能和机制。
The ability of humans and animals to localize the source of a sound in a complex acoustic environment facilitates communication and survival. Two cues are used for sound localization at horizontal planes, interaural time and level differences (ITD and ILD), which are analyzed by distinct neural circuits in the brainstem. Here, we review the studies on metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR)-mediated neuromodulation of both intrinsic and synaptic properties of brainstem neurons in these circuits. Both mammalian and avian animal models have been used, with each having their advantages that are not present in the other. For the mammalian model, we discuss mGluR neuromodulation in the ILD circuit, with an emphasis on the recent discovery of differential modulation of synaptic transmission of different transmitter release modes. For the avian model, we focus on reviewing mGluR neuromodulation in the ITD pathway, with an emphasis on tonotopic distribution and synaptic plasticity of mGluR modulation in coincidence detector neurons. Future works are proposed to further investigate the functions and mechanisms of mGluRs in the sound localization circuits.
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