Extended short-range airborne transmission of respiratory infections.
Extended short-range airborne transmission of respiratory infections.
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扩展的短距离机载呼吸道感染。
DOI：
10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126837
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发表时间：
2022-01-15
影响因子：
13.6
通讯作者：
Li Y
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chen W;Qian H;Zhang N;Liu F;Liu L;Li Y
关于COVID-19和流感等呼吸道感染空气传播的争论和科学调查仍在继续。卫生当局（包括世卫组织及美国疾病控制及预防中心）已确认COVID-19在特定环境下的空气传播，但通风要求仍有待确定。在这项工作中，我们认为远程空中传输作为一个扩展的短程空中路线，调和之间的联系，短程和远程空中路线。有效短程距离被定义为短程距离，在该距离处，远程路由具有与短程路由相同的体积暴露值。我们的数据表明，通风率或每人房间体积的减少，或感染者与易感者人数之比的增加，都会减少有效的短程距离。在正常呼吸情况下，五分之一的人被感染，房间容积为每人12 m3，以确保1.5 m的有效短程距离，需要每人10 L/s的通风速率持续2 h。我们的研究结果表明，有效的呼吸道感染的环境预防策略需要适当增加通风率，同时保持足够低的占用率。长距离的空气传播途径作为一个扩展的短程空气传播途径的示范表明，呼吸道感染暴露中建筑通风发挥了重要作用。短距离和长距离空气传播的协调表明，通常观察到的密切接触传播的优势是短距离空气传播的可能证据，此前一项单独的早期研究显示，与短距离空气传播途径相比，大飞沫传播相对微不足道。现有的通风标准不考虑呼吸道感染控制，这项研究提出了一种可能的方法来考虑新的通风标准下的感染。
Debate and scientific inquiries regarding airborne transmission of respiratory infections such as COVID-19 and influenza continue. Health authorities including the WHO and the US CDC have recognized the airborne transmission of COVID-19 in specific settings, although the ventilation requirements remain to be determined. In this work we consider the long-range airborne transmission as an extended short-range airborne route, which reconciles the link between short- and long-range airborne routes. The effective short-range distance is defined as the distance in short range at which long-range route has the same volumetric exposure value as that due to short-range route. Our data show that a decrease in ventilation rate or room volume per person, or an increase in the ratio of the number of infected to susceptible people reduces the effective short-range distance. In a normal breathing scenario with one out of five people infected and a room volume of 12 m3 per person to ensure an effective short-range distance of 1.5 m, a ventilation rate of 10 L/s per person is needed for a duration of 2 h. Our results suggest that effective environmental prevention strategies for respiratory infections require appropriate increases in the ventilation rate while maintaining a sufficiently low occupancy. Demonstration of the long-range airborne route as an extended short-range airborne route suggests the significant role played by building ventilation in respiratory infection exposure. The reconciliation of short- and long-range airborne transmission suggests that the commonly observed dominance of close-contact transmission is a probable evidence of short-range airborne transmission, following a separate earlier study that revealed the relative insignificance of large droplet transmission in comparison with the short-range airborne-route. Existing ventilation standards do not account for respiratory infection control, and this study presents a possible approach to account for infection under new ventilation standards.
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