The EUSTACE Project: Delivering Global, Daily Information on Surface Air Temperature

The EUSTACE Project: Delivering Global, Daily Information on Surface Air Temperature
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EUSTACE 项目:提供全球地表气温每日信息

DOI:
10.1175/bams-d-19-0095.1
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发表时间:
2020
影响因子:
8
通讯作者:
Rayner N
Rayner N
中科院分区:
地球科学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Rayner N

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地表气温的日常变化在许多方面影响着社会,但并不是所有地方都有每日地表气温的测量。因此,单靠现场测量不能获得全球每日图像,需要结合卫星反演的估计数。本文介绍了欧盟地平线2020资助的Eustace项目(2015-19年,www.eustaceproject t.org)所发展的科学,以产生全球和欧洲每日地面气温分析的数十年集合,以补充来自动态再分析的分析,整合不同的地面和卫星数据类型。对地表气温测量和基于卫星的地球所有表面(陆地、海洋、冰和湖泊)表面皮肤温度估计之间的关系进行了量化。然后,卫星数据中包含的信息有助于估计气温,并利用地面气温如何以一种相互关联的方式在不同地方变化的统计模型来创建过去的全球场;这需要有效的统计分析方法来处理大量的数据量。日场以集合的形式呈现,以使不确定性能够通过应用程序传播。估计的温度及其不确定性是根据独立的测量和其他表面温度数据集进行评估的。Eustace项目的成就还包括对其他方面有用的基本准备工作,例如,收集用户需求,查明气象站每日地表气温测量序列的不均匀之处,仔细量化卫星表面温度和气温估计中的不确定因素,探索气温与湖泊之间的相互作用,开发与非高斯变量有关的统计模型,以及有效计算的方法。
Day-to-day variations in surface air temperature affect society in many ways, but daily surface air temperature measurements are not available everywhere. Therefore, a global daily picture cannot be achieved with measurements made in situ alone and needs to incorporate estimates from satellite retrievals. This article presents the science developed in the EU Horizon 2020–funded EUSTACE project (2015–19, www.eustaceproject.org ) to produce global and European multidecadal ensembles of daily analyses of surface air temperature complementary to those from dynamical reanalyses, integrating different ground-based and satellite-borne data types. Relationships between surface air temperature measurements and satellite-based estimates of surface skin temperature over all surfaces of Earth (land, ocean, ice, and lakes) are quantified. Information contained in the satellite retrievals then helps to estimate air temperature and create global fields in the past, using statistical models of how surface air temperature varies in a connected way from place to place; this needs efficient statistical analysis methods to cope with the considerable data volumes. Daily fields are presented as ensembles to enable propagation of uncertainties through applications. Estimated temperatures and their uncertainties are evaluated against independent measurements and other surface temperature datasets. Achievements in the EUSTACE project have also included fundamental preparatory work useful to others, for example, gathering user requirements, identifying inhomogeneities in daily surface air temperature measurement series from weather stations, carefully quantifying uncertainties in satellite skin and air temperature estimates, exploring the interaction between air temperature and lakes, developing statistical models relevant to non-Gaussian variables, and methods for efficient computation.
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