Evolution of Salmonella within Hosts.
Evolution of Salmonella within Hosts.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.tim.2018.06.001
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发表时间：
2018-12
影响因子：
15.9
通讯作者：
Kingsley RA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Tanner JR;Kingsley RA
宿主内的进化导致了沙门氏菌的数千种变体，这些变体在宿主范围和疾病结果方面表现出显着的多样性，从广泛的宿主范围到精致的宿主限制，导致胃肠炎到传播性疾病，如伤寒。宿主内进化是一个持续的过程，由每次感染期间发生的基因组变异驱动，增强对畜牧业变化、抗菌剂使用和免疫受损群体出现所导致的新生态位的适应。我们讨论了我们对宿主内沙门氏菌进化的理解的关键进展，从（i）过去沙门氏菌致病变种的宿主适应过程中推断，以及（ii）在单次感染期间直接观察变异和有益性状的选择。沙门氏菌是一种细菌病原体，其宿主范围和致病性具有显着的多样性，这是由于脊椎动物物种中过去的宿主内进化改变了祖先的致病机制。在感染期间产生的变异包括点突变、通过水平基因转移（HGT）获得的新基因、缺失和基因组重排。有益的突变在宿主体内的频率增加，如果它们保留了传播到后续宿主的能力，则可能在种群中固定下来。临床感染的连续分离株的全基因组测序揭示了影响治疗和临床管理的宿主内HGT和点突变。HGT是原核生物进化的主要机制，并通过涉及微生物组的复杂转移网络协同作用。沙门氏菌的宿主内进化，导致新的致病型，可以在不存在HGT的情况下进行。
Within-host evolution has resulted in thousands of variants of Salmonella that exhibit remarkable diversity in host range and disease outcome, from broad host range to exquisite host restriction, causing gastroenteritis to disseminated disease such as typhoid fever. Within-host evolution is a continuing process driven by genomic variation that occurs during each infection, potentiating adaptation to a new niche resulting from changes in animal husbandry, the use of antimicrobials, and emergence of immune compromised populations. We discuss key advances in our understanding of the evolution of Salmonella within the host, inferred from (i) the process of host adaptation of Salmonella pathovars in the past, and (ii) direct observation of the generation of variation and selection of beneficial traits during single infections. Salmonella is a bacterial pathogen with remarkable diversity in its host range and pathogenicity due to past within-host evolution in vertebrate species that modified ancestral mechanisms of pathogenesis. Variation arising during infection includes point mutations, new genes acquired through horizontal gene transfer (HGT), deletions, and genomic rearrangements. Beneficial mutations increase in frequency within the host and, if they retain the ability to be transmitted to subsequent hosts, may become fixed in the population. Whole-genome sequencing of sequential isolates from clinical infections reveals within-host HGT and point mutations that impact therapy and clinical management. HGT is the primary mechanism for evolution in prokaryotes and is synergised by complex networks of transfer involving the microbiome. Within-host evolution of Salmonella, resulting in new pathovars, can proceed in the absence of HGT.
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影响因子：
9.8
作者：
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