Determinants of Living Arrangements, Health Status and Abuse among Elderly Women: A Study of Rural Naogaon District, Bangladesh
Determinants of Living Arrangements, Health Status and Abuse among Elderly Women: A Study of Rural Naogaon District, Bangladesh
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老年妇女生活安排、健康状况和虐待的决定因素：孟加拉国 Naogaon 农村地区的一项研究
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发表时间：
2010
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
K. Rahman
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
A. M. Munsur;Ismail Tareque;K. Rahman
摘要：本研究调查了孟加拉国 Naogaon 农村地区 60 岁及以上妇女的社会经济背景、生活安排、健康状况和虐待情况。该数据采用概率与规模成比例（PPS）抽样方法从七个村庄收集，结果显示，60-69岁年龄组的老年妇女绝大多数是丧偶、文盲、没有教育和收入、经济依赖、与已婚子女一起生活、健康状况不佳、患有关节炎相关疾病并正在接受乡村医生的治疗。此外，研究显示，近35%的老年妇女受到虐待，其中大部分是因贫困而遭受精神虐待。逻辑回归分析揭示了老年妇女的生活安排、健康状况和虐待的决定因素。该研究的结果应该得到应有的重视，以便为孟加拉国和发展中国家的老年人，特别是女性老年人提供有保障的晚年生活。关键词：生活安排、健康状况、虐待、老年妇女、孟加拉国。导言 世界各地老年人数量的增长雄辩地证明，不仅生育率下降，而且婴儿和孕产妇死亡率降低、营养改善、传染病和寄生虫病减少以及医疗保健、教育和收入改善。全球总和生育率已从 1950-1955 年每名妇女 5.0 名活产下降到 2000-2005 年每名妇女 2.7 名活产，预计到 2045-2050 年将进一步降至更替水平，即每名妇女 2.2 名活产（联合国，2005 年）。预期寿命也从 1950 年的 46.5 岁增加到 2000-2005 年的 66.0 岁，预计到 20452050 年将增加到 76 岁。2001 年最近的人口普查显示，60 岁以上人口增加，达到孟加拉国总人口的 6.13%（BBS，2003 年），这一数字将达到到 2025 年，这一数字将达到 1,460 万（约占总人口的 9%）（Concepcion，1987；East-West Center，2002）。如今，老年人在人口中所占的比例比以往任何时候都要大得多。它是历史、个人经验和社会力量的产物（Morgan 和 Kunkel，2001）。衰老过程的特点是个体发生一系列复杂的社会、心理和生物变化。老年人在社会环境中的状况不仅由不可避免的特征决定，而且还取决于当今孟加拉国正在快速变化的社会文化习俗。在文化上，孟加拉国日益成为一个以青年为导向的社会。但事实上，从人口角度来看，这是一个老龄化社会，这反映在最近的人口年龄结构上（Sattar，1996）。由于人口老龄化和性别差异近年来已成为突出问题，有人认为，对性别的兴趣往往集中于对妇女不利的不平等，而许多老龄化研究则侧重于老年人的经济和社会脆弱性（Mba，2003和2002）。 Mba（2007）还发现，与人口老龄化和性别差异相关的讨论断言或暗示老年女性普遍比老年男性更容易受到社会、经济和健康方面的不利影响。在孟加拉国，许多老年人在贫困和健康状况不佳中度过一生，这是老年人口面临的主要风险。在一生的匮乏之后，老年可能意味着健康状况不佳、社会孤立和贫困。贫困和排斥是对老年人福祉的最大威胁。对于老年妇女来说尤其如此，她们因性别偏见、丧偶和年老而遭受多重不利。没有活着的儿子或独居的妇女，特别是寡妇，被认为特别面临经济贫困、社会孤立、健康状况不佳和死亡的风险（Abedin，2003 年；Kabir 等人……
Abstract In this study, the socio-economic backdrops, living arrangements, health status and abuse of the women aged 60 years and older in the rural Naogaon district of Bangladesh are examined. The data were collected from seven villages by using probability proportional to size (PPS) sampling and the results show that an overwhelming majority of the elderly women in the age group 60-69 years who are widowed, illiterate, have no education and income, economically dependent, living with married children, unhealthy, suffer from arthritis related illness and are taking treatment from village doctors. Furthermore, the study shows that, nearly 35 percent elderly women are abused, mostly mentally abused due to poverty. Logistic regression analysis reveals the determinants of living arrangements, health status and abuse of the elderly women. The findings of the study should get due attention to provide secured later life of the elder especially female elderly in Bangladesh and developing nation as well. Keywords: Living arrangements, health status, abuse, elder women, Bangladesh. Introduction The numerical growth of elderly persons around the world is an eloquent testimony not only of reductions in fertility but also of reductions in infant and maternal mortality, improved nutrition, reduction in infectious and parasitic diseases, as well as improvement in health care, education and income. Global total fertility rate has declined from 5.0 live births per woman in 1950-1955 to 2.7 live births per woman in 2000-2005, and is expected to further reduce to replacement level, that is 2.2 live births per woman by 2045-2050 periods (UN, 2005). Also life expectancy has increased from 46.5 years in 1950 to 66.0 years in 2000-2005, and is expected to rise to 76 years by the year 20452050. The most recent population census of 2001 showed hike in the population above 60 years reaching up 6.13 percent of the total population of Bangladesh (BBS, 2003) and this number will reach 14.6 million (about 9 percent of the total population) by the year 2025 (Concepcion, 1987; East-West Center, 2002). The elderly comprises a much larger proportion of the population today than ever before. It is a product of history, individual experience and social forces (Morgan and Kunkel, 2001). The ageing process is characterized by a complex set of social, psychological and biological changes of an individual. The condition of the elderly in a social setting is not merely determined by the inevitable characteristics but also depends upon the cultural practices in the society which happens to be changing at a rapid pace in Bangladesh today. Culturally, Bangladesh is increasingly a youth oriented society. But in fact, demographically it is an ageing society which is reflected in the recent age structure of the population (Sattar, 1996). As population ageing and gender differentials have become prominent issues in recent times, it is being argued that the interest in gender often focuses on inequalities that disadvantage women, while much of ageing research focuses on the economic and social vulnerability of older persons (Mba, 2003 and 2002). Also Mba (2007) found that the discourse related to population ageing and gender differentials asserted or implied that older women are universally more vulnerable to social, economic and health disadvantages than older men. In Bangladesh many older people spend their lives in poverty and ill health which is major risk for the elderly population. After a lifetime of deprivation, old age is likely to mean ill health, social isolation and poverty. Poverty and exclusion are the greatest threats to the well being of older people. This is especially true for older women, who suffer from multiple disadvantages resulting from biases to gender, widowhood and old age. Women, particularly widows, who are without living sons or who live alone, are considered to be particularly at risk of economic destitution, social isolation, poor health and death (Abedin, 2003; Kabir et al. …
DOI：
10.1001/jama.1997.03540250072035
发表时间：
1997
期刊：
JAMA
影响因子：
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作者：
D. Buchner
通讯作者：
D. Buchner