Contribution of mean and eddy momentum processes to tropical cyclone intensification

Contribution of mean and eddy momentum processes to tropical cyclone intensification
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平均和涡动量过程对热带气旋增强的贡献

DOI:
10.1002/qj.3837
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发表时间:
2020
影响因子:
8.9
通讯作者:
Črnivec N
Črnivec N
中科院分区:
地球科学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Montgomery MT;Kilroy G;Smith RK;Črnivec N

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对一个快速加强的热带气旋进行了一个理想化的、三维的、水平网格间距为1 km的数值模拟,以扩展关于平均和涡动动量输送在强化过程动力学中所起作用的基本知识。检查切向和径向速度趋势方程中的项,可以更好地定量理解系统尺度涡旋的内核边界层和眼壁区域内的自旋过程的动力学。不平衡和非轴对称过程是快速自旋过程的显著特征。特别是,部分与非对称深对流有关的风的不对称性对这一最大半径内的最大风速做出了实质性的贡献(30%)。该分析为数值模式模拟中经常发现的夹在对流层上层的入流急流提供了一种新的解释。此外,它还提供了一个评估广义Ekman平衡在快速涡旋上升过程中的适用性的机会。最大切向风出现在摩擦入流层顶部及其附近,最大梯度风内部可达10 公里。摩擦层中的自旋伴随着超过梯度风高达20%的超梯度风。总体而言,这些结果肯定了先前的工作,指出纯轴对称平衡描述的显著局限性,例如,当应用于快速增强的热带气旋时,梯度平衡/埃克曼平衡。
An idealized, three‐dimensional, 1 km horizontal grid spacing numerical simulation of a rapidly intensifying tropical cyclone is used to extend basic knowledge on the role of mean and eddy momentum transfer on the dynamics of the intensification process. Examination of terms in the tangential and radial velocity tendency equations provides an improved quantitative understanding of the dynamics of the spin‐up process within the inner‐core boundary layer and eyewall regions of the system‐scale vortex. Unbalanced and non‐axisymmetric processes are prominent features of the rapid spin‐up process. In particular, the wind asymmetries, associated in part with the asymmetric deep convection, make a substantive contribution (30%) to the maximum wind speed inside the radius of this maximum. The analysis provides a novel explanation for inflow jets sandwiching the upper‐tropospheric outflow layer which are frequently found in numerical model simulations. In addition, it provides an opportunity to assess the applicability of generalized Ekman balance during rapid vortex spin‐up. The maximum tangential wind occurs within and near the top of the frictional inflow layer and as much as 10 km inside the maximum gradient wind. Spin‐up in the friction layer is accompanied by supergradient winds that exceed the gradient wind by up to 20%. Overall, the results affirm prior work pointing to significant limitations of a purely axisymmetric balance description, for example, gradient balance/Ekman balance, when applied to a rapidly intensifying tropical cyclone.
DOI: 10.1002/qj.3332
发表时间: 2018
影响因子: 8.9
作者:
Roger K. Smith;M. Montgomery;G. Kilroy
通讯作者: G. Kilroy
DOI: 10.1002/wea.2776
发表时间: 2016-09
期刊: Weather
影响因子: 1.9
作者:
Roger K. Smith;M. Montgomery
通讯作者: Roger K. Smith;M. Montgomery
DOI: 10.1029/2018ms001576
发表时间: 2019
影响因子: 6.8
作者:
Raymond D;Kilroy G
通讯作者: Kilroy G
DOI: 10.1002/qj.390
发表时间: 2009-04
影响因子: 8.9
作者:
S. Vogl;Roger K. Smith
通讯作者: S. Vogl;Roger K. Smith
重新审视热带气旋边界层的广义埃克曼模型:惯性稳定性作为恢复力的神话
DOI: --
发表时间: 2020
影响因子: 8.9
作者:
Roger K. Smith;M. Montgomery
通讯作者: M. Montgomery