Two New Marine Species of Placopus (Vampyrellida, Rhizaria) That Perforate the Theca of Tetraselmis (Chlorodendrales, Viridiplantae)

Two New Marine Species of Placopus (Vampyrellida, Rhizaria) That Perforate the Theca of Tetraselmis (Chlorodendrales, Viridiplantae)
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两个新的海洋物种(Vampyrellida、Rhizaria)可穿透 Tetraselmis(Chlorodendrales、Viridiplantae)的膜层

DOI:
10.1111/jeu.12698
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发表时间:
2018
影响因子:
2.2
通讯作者:
Hess S
Hess S
中科院分区:
生物学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
More K;Simpson AGB;Hess S

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Vampyrellids(Vampyrellida,Rhizaria)是已知的主要捕食性阿米巴,主要来自淡水和土壤。环境序列数据表明,海洋生态系统中也有相当多的吸血鬼,但它们的表型特征和生态在很大程度上仍未被探索。我们在加拿大大西洋沿岸的生境中发现了丝扇形的嗜食吸血鬼,通过单细胞分离建立了培养体系,并用光学显微镜、SSU rRNA基因测序、摄食实验和不同盐度下的生长实验对三种菌株进行了表征。这些菌株表现出橙色,盘状滋养体,腹侧丝状足,移动颗粒(“膜体”),和滚动运动,类似于以前归入HyalousHertwig&Lesser的淡水物种,但这里转移到Placopus Schulze(由于与HyalousEhrenberg同音)。SSU rRNA基因系统发育将我们的菌株置于“B3谱系”中的两个不同位置(在这里被称为Placopodidae)。在这些形态、生境和分子数据的基础上,我们描述了两个新种,Placopus Melkonianisp。11月和细粉斑潜蝇Placopus pusillussp.11月,它们都以叶绿藻鞭毛虫(Tetraselmis,Pyramimonas)和隐水色单胞菌为食。它们穿孔四射藻的细胞膜,提取原生质体,从而代表了已知的第一批能降解绿藻目(绿藻门,绿藻目)生物化学外来细胞壁的金龟子。
Vampyrellids (Vampyrellida, Rhizaria) are a major group of predatory amoebae known primarily from freshwater and soil. Environmental sequence data indicate that there is also a considerable diversity of vampyrellids inhabiting marine ecosystems, but their phenotypic traits and ecology remain largely unexplored. We discovered algivorous vampyrellids of the filoflabellate morphotype in coastal habitats in Atlantic Canada, established cultures by single‐cell isolation, and characterised three strains using light microscopy, SSU rRNA gene sequencing, feeding experiments and growth experiments at various salinities. These strains exhibit orange, discoid trophozoites with ventral filopodia, moving granules (“membranosomes”), and rolling locomotion, similar to freshwater species previously assigned toHyalodiscusHertwig & Lesser, but here moved toPlacopusSchulze (due to homonymy withHyalodiscusEhrenberg). SSU rRNA gene phylogenies place our strains in two distinct positions within “lineage B3” (here referred to as Placopodidae). Based on these morphological, habitat and molecular data, we describe two new species,Placopus melkonianisp. nov. andPlacopus pusillussp. nov., both of which feed on chlorophyte flagellates (Tetraselmis,Pyramimonas) and the cryptophyteChroomonas. They perforate the theca ofTetraselmisto extract the protoplast, and thereby represent the first vampyrellids known to degrade the biochemically exotic cell wall of the Chlorodendrales (Chlorophyta, Viridiplantae).
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