Mitochondrial DNA "clock" for the Amerinds and its implications for timing their entry into North America.
Mitochondrial DNA "clock" for the Amerinds and its implications for timing their entry into North America.
复制标题
美洲人的线粒体 DNA“时钟”及其对他们进入北美的计时的影响。
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.91.3.1158
复制
发表时间：
1994
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Wallace,DC
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Torroni,A;Neel,JV;Barrantes,R;Schurr,TG;Wallace,DC
研究美洲印第安人祖先进入新大陆时间的学者分为两个阵营，一个倾向于“早”进入（比现在早大约30，000年），另一个倾向于“晚”进入（少于大约13，000年）。由于地质原因，“中间”日期不太可能。美洲印第安人mtDNA变异的相关数据与语言学、考古学和遗传学数据的相关性为美洲印第安人mtDNA进化的时间框架的建立提供了可能性。在本文中，我们估计中美洲的奇布查语部落与其他语言群体/新生部落的分离大约开始于8000- 10，000 YBP。用14种限制性内切酶对110名奇布查语使用者的mtDNA进行了表征，根据它们的时间深度，估计美洲印第安人的mtDNA核苷酸替换率为每10，000年0.022-0.029%。作为这一速率的第一个应用，我们考虑了广泛分布在美洲各地的18个美洲印第安人部落中观察到的mtDNA变异，我们用同样的技术进行了研究，我们估计，如果美洲印第安人作为一个单一的群体进入新大陆，那么进入时间大约为22，000 - 29，000 YBP。这一估计有很大但不确定的误差。因此，线粒体DNA数据目前对上述美洲印第安人进入新大陆的最可能时间是模棱两可的，但支持“早期”进入假说。
Students of the time of entry of the ancestors of the Amerinds into the New World are divided into two camps, one favoring an "early" entry [more than approximately 30,000 years before the present (YBP)], the other favoring a "late" entry (less than approximately 13,000 YBP). An "intermediate" date is unlikely for geological reasons. The correlation of the appropriate data on mtDNA variation in Amerinds with linguistic, archaeological, and genetic data offers the possibility of establishing a time frame for mtDNA evolution in Amerinds. In this paper, we estimate that the separation of the Chibcha-speaking tribes of Central America from other linguistic groups/nascent tribes began approximately 8000-10,000 YBP. Characterization of the mtDNA of 110 Chibcha speakers with 14 restriction enzymes leads on the basis of their time depth to an estimated mtDNA nucleotide substitution rate for Amerinds of 0.022-0.029% per 10,000 years. As a first application of this rate, we consider the mtDNA variation observed in 18 Amerind tribes widely dispersed throughout the Americas and studied by ourselves with the same techniques, and we estimate that if the Amerinds entered the New World as a single group, that entry occurred approximately 22,000-29,000 YBP. This estimate carries a large but indeterminate error. The mtDNA data are thus at present equivocal with respect to the most likely times of entry of the Amerind into the New World mentioned above but favor the "early" entry hypothesis.
细胞、个体、家族和群体变异的遗传学
影响因子：
3.1
作者：
P. Hedrick
通讯作者：
P. Hedrick