Gender Dysphoria in Adults.

Gender Dysphoria in Adults.
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成人性别不安。

DOI:
10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-021815-093034
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发表时间:
2016
影响因子:
18.4
通讯作者:
B. Kreukels
B. Kreukels
中科院分区:
心理学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
K. Zucker;A. Lawrence;B. Kreukels

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性别焦虑症(GD),一个表示对一个人的生物性别或指定性别持续不适的术语,在2013年的精神疾病诊断和统计手册中取代了性别认同障碍的诊断。成人GD的亚型,定义为性取向和发病年龄,已被描述;这些显示不同的发展轨迹和发展过程。患病率研究得出的结论是,不到1/10,000的成年纳塔尔男性和1/30,000的成年纳塔尔女性经历GD,但这些估计差异很大。成人GD与共病精神病理学患病率升高相关,尤其是心境障碍、焦虑障碍和自杀倾向。GD的病因机制尚不完全清楚,但遗传,神经发育和心理社会因素可能都有贡献。成人GD的治疗,虽然在很大程度上是标准化的,很可能会演变,以应对日益增加的多样性的人寻求治疗,要求更大的客户自主权,并提高理解的好处和限制,目前的治疗方式。
Gender dysphoria (GD), a term that denotes persistent discomfort with one's biologic sex or assigned gender, replaced the diagnosis of gender identity disorder in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders in 2013. Subtypes of GD in adults, defined by sexual orientation and age of onset, have been described; these display different developmental trajectories and prognoses. Prevalence studies conclude that fewer than 1 in 10,000 adult natal males and 1 in 30,000 adult natal females experience GD, but such estimates vary widely. GD in adults is associated with an elevated prevalence of comorbid psychopathology, especially mood disorders, anxiety disorders, and suicidality. Causal mechanisms in GD are incompletely understood, but genetic, neurodevelopmental, and psychosocial factors probably all contribute. Treatment of GD in adults, although largely standardized, is likely to evolve in response to the increasing diversity of persons seeking treatment, demands for greater client autonomy, and improved understanding of the benefits and limitations of current treatment modalities.
DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2011.300568
发表时间: 2013-02-01
影响因子: 12.7
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