HIV-Positive Patients on Antiretroviral Therapy Have an Altered Mucosal Intestinal but Not Oral Microbiome.
HIV-Positive Patients on Antiretroviral Therapy Have an Altered Mucosal Intestinal but Not Oral Microbiome.
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DOI：
10.1128/spectrum.02472-22
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发表时间：
2023-02-14
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
这项研究的特点是，与HIV阴性个体相比，接受抗逆转录病毒治疗的HIV阳性患者肠道和口腔微生物组的组成和功能变化。在结肠镜检查期间和患者访视时，从5个位置（结肠刷、结肠冲洗液、末端回肠[TI]刷、TI冲洗液和唾液）采集了5例HIV阳性受试者和12例对照受试者的79份标本。使用16S rRNA测序表征微生物组组成，并使用生物信息学工具（PICRUSt和BugBase）预测微生物组功能。我们的分析表明，来自HIV患者的所有肠道样本（结肠刷、结肠冲洗液、TI刷和TI冲洗液）的β多样性与不含HIV的患者显著不同。具体而言，来自普雷沃氏菌属、梭杆菌属和巨球菌属的细菌在来自HIV阳性患者的样品中更丰富。另一方面，来自反刍球菌属、布劳特氏菌属和梭菌属的细菌在艾滋病毒阴性患者的样本中更丰富。此外，HIV阳性患者的生物膜形成菌和致病菌丰度较高。此外，与翻译和核苷酸代谢相关的途径在HIV阳性患者中升高，而与脂质和碳水化合物代谢相关的途径与HIV阴性患者的样本呈正相关。我们的分析进一步显示了不同采样地点的HIV阳性和阴性患者的微生物组组成的差异。来自结肠冲洗液、结肠刷和TI冲洗液的样品在组间显著，而来自TI刷和唾液的样品不显著。总之，在这里，我们报告了与未感染患者相比，HIV患者肠道微生物组组成和预测功能的改变，尽管我们没有发现口腔微生物组的变化。全世界有超过3700万人感染艾滋病毒。虽然抗逆转录病毒疗法的提供大大减少了与艾滋病有关的死亡人数，但艾滋病毒感染者遭受机会性感染的风险却增加了。我们现在知道，艾滋病毒与人体内被称为微生物组的数万亿细菌，真菌和病毒相互作用。以前只有有限数量的研究比较了口腔和胃肠道微生物组与艾滋病毒感染的变化。在这里，我们详细介绍了口腔和胃肠道微生物组如何随着艾滋病毒感染而变化，使用了5个不同的采样点，以更全面地了解这些变化。我们的研究结果显示了与HIV感染相关的肠道微生物组的位点特异性变化。此外，我们发现，虽然肠道微生物组发生了显着变化，但口腔微生物组没有显着变化。
This study characterized compositional and functional shifts in the intestinal and oral microbiome in HIV-positive patients on antiretroviral therapy compared to HIV-negative individuals. Seventy-nine specimens were collected from 5 HIV-positive and 12 control subjects from five locations (colon brush, colon wash, terminal ileum [TI] brush, TI wash, and saliva) during colonoscopy and at patient visits. Microbiome composition was characterized using 16S rRNA sequencing, and microbiome function was predicted using bioinformatics tools (PICRUSt and BugBase). Our analysis indicated that the β-diversity of all intestinal samples (colon brush, colon wash, TI brush, and TI wash) from patients with HIV was significantly different from patients without HIV. Specifically, bacteria from genera Prevotella, Fusobacterium, and Megasphaera were more abundant in samples from HIV-positive patients. On the other hand, bacteria from genera Ruminococcus, Blautia, and Clostridium were more abundant in samples from HIV-negative patients. Additionally, HIV-positive patients had higher abundances of biofilm-forming and pathogenic bacteria. Furthermore, pathways related to translation and nucleotide metabolism were elevated in HIV-positive patients, whereas pathways related to lipid and carbohydrate metabolism were positively correlated with samples from HIV-negative patients. Our analyses further showed variations in microbiome composition in HIV-positive and negative patients by sampling site. Samples from colon wash, colon brush, and TI wash were significant between groups, while samples from TI brush and saliva were not significant. Taken together, here, we report altered intestinal microbiome composition and predicted function in patients with HIV compared to uninfected patients, though we found no changes in the oral microbiome. IMPORTANCE Over 37 million people worldwide are living with HIV. Although the availability of antiretroviral therapy has significantly reduced the number of AIDS-related deaths, individuals living with HIV are at increased risk for opportunistic infections. We now know that HIV interacts with the trillions of bacteria, fungi, and viruses in the human body termed the microbiome. Only a limited number of previous studies have compared variations in the oral and gastrointestinal microbiome with HIV infection. Here, we detail how the oral and gastrointestinal microbiome changes with HIV infection, having used 5 different sampling sites to gain a more comprehensive view of these changes by location. Our results show site-specific changes in the intestinal microbiome associated with HIV infection. Additionally, we show that while there were significant changes in the intestinal microbiome, there were no significant changes in the oral microbiome.
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