Regulation of microRNA biogenesis and turnover by animals and their viruses.
Regulation of microRNA biogenesis and turnover by animals and their viruses.
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DOI：
10.1007/s00018-012-1257-1
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发表时间：
2013-10
影响因子：
8
通讯作者：
Buck, Amy H.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Libri, Valentina;Miesen, Pascal;van Rij, Ronald P.;Buck, Amy H.
关键词：
微小RNA（miRNAs）是基因调控网络中普遍存在的组分，其调节细胞中表达的蛋白质的精确量。尽管它们的尺寸很小，但miRNA基因含有各种识别元件，这些元件能够特异性地确定它们何时、何地以及在何种程度上表达。精确控制miRNA表达的重要性在模式生物中的功能研究以及miRNA错误表达与疾病之间的关联中得到强调。在过去的十年中，对miRNAs产生、成熟和转化的途径的鉴定揭示了它们的生物发生的许多方面受到调控。对病毒系统的研究揭示了病毒通过病毒蛋白或非编码RNA靶向这些途径以调节细胞基因表达的一系列机制。与此同时，围绕病毒激活和抑制抗病毒RNA干扰（RNAi）的研究领域也在发展。在miRNA和小干扰RNA途径会聚的情况下，病毒编码的RNAi抑制子可以影响miRNA生物发生。在这里，我们回顾了有关miRNA生物合成和周转在动物中的调节机制以及病毒用于破坏或抑制这些过程的不同策略的文献。
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a ubiquitous component of gene regulatory networks that modulate the precise amounts of proteins expressed in a cell. Despite their small size, miRNA genes contain various recognition elements that enable specificity in when, where and to what extent they are expressed. The importance of precise control of miRNA expression is underscored by functional studies in model organisms and by the association between miRNA mis-expression and disease. In the last decade, identification of the pathways by which miRNAs are produced, matured and turned-over has revealed many aspects of their biogenesis that are subject to regulation. Studies in viral systems have revealed a range of mechanisms by which viruses target these pathways through viral proteins or non-coding RNAs in order to regulate cellular gene expression. In parallel, a field of study has evolved around the activation and suppression of antiviral RNA interference (RNAi) by viruses. Virus encoded suppressors of RNAi can impact miRNA biogenesis in cases where miRNA and small interfering RNA pathways converge. Here we review the literature on the mechanisms by which miRNA biogenesis and turnover are regulated in animals and the diverse strategies that viruses use to subvert or inhibit these processes.
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