Functional analysis of chromatin assembled in synthetic nuclei.

Functional analysis of chromatin assembled in synthetic nuclei.
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合成核中组装的染色质的功能分析。

DOI:
10.1006/meth.1998.0728
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发表时间:
1999
期刊:
Methods (San Diego, Calif.)
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Barton,MC
Barton,MC
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Crowe,AJ;Barton,MC

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多种调控机制参与了真核转录的调控。这些控制通过核内的高阶蛋白质-DNA结构表现出来。在试管分析中,已被证明在破译染色质和核结构在转录中的潜在调节作用方面非常有用。非洲爪哇的胚胎卵子提取物具有巨大的母体储藏量和快速的细胞周期振荡,可以用来概括多层核调节。克隆的DNA模板在非洲爪蛙卵提取液中的孵育促进了生理间隔的核小体的自我有序组装和人工核结构的形成。膜小泡与染色质相互作用,形成包裹DNA的双层核膜。这些人工合成的核是功能细胞器,能够进行活跃的蛋白质运输和单轮半保守的DNA合成。该系统可用于直接测试反式作用因子促进核小体DNA转录的机制,无论是在染色质组装或组装后,还是结合重塑机制和/或DNA复制。人工合成核内反式作用因子相互作用的功能后果是通过体外转录分析中的一对确定的。将生物素末端标记的DNA模板固定在顺磁性链霉亲和素小球上,大大提高了系统的灵活性。染色质组装模板回收的简便性允许引入洗涤步骤、缓冲液改变和特定反应优化。这些在体外重建基因调控机制的方法是试图在生化可及性和生理相关性之间取得平衡。
Numerous regulatory mechanisms contribute to the control of eukaryotic transcription. These controls are manifested through higher-order protein–DNA structure within the nucleus.In vitroassays have proven extremely useful in deciphering the potential regulatory roles of chromatin and nuclear structure in transcription. Embryonic egg extracts ofXenopuswith their vast maternal stores and rapid cell-cycle oscillations can be exploited to recapitulate multiple layers of nuclear regulation. Incubation of cloned DNA templates inXenopusegg extracts promotes a self-ordered assembly of physiologically spaced nucleosomes and synthetic nuclei structure formation. Interaction of membrane vesicles with chromatin leads to formation of a bilayer nuclear envelope encapsulating the DNA. These synthetic nuclei are functional organelles capable of active protein transport and a single round of semiconservative DNA synthesis. This system can be used to directly test the mechanisms by whichtrans-acting factors promote transcription on nucleosomal DNA, either during chromatin assembly or postassembly or in conjunction with remodeling machinery and/or DNA replication. The functional consequences oftrans-acting factor interaction within synthetic nuclei are determined by a coupledin vitrotranscription analysis. Immobilizing biotin end-labeled DNA templates on paramagnetic streptavidin beads greatly improves the flexibility of the system. The ease of chromatin-assembled template recovery allows the introduction of wash steps, buffer changes, and specific reaction optimization. These methods for reconstituting gene regulatory mechanismsin vitroare an attempt to strike a balance between biochemical accessibility and physiological relevance.
在重建的前胚层果蝇染色质中,核小体而非 H1 抑制转录。
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