Sheep urination frequency, volume, N excretion and chemical composition: Implications for subsequent agricultural N losses
Sheep urination frequency, volume, N excretion and chemical composition: Implications for subsequent agricultural N losses
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绵羊排尿频率、排尿量、氮排泄和化学成分：对后续农业氮损失的影响
DOI：
10.1016/j.agee.2020.107073
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发表时间：
2020
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Marsden K
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Marsden K
反刍动物尿斑是活性氮(N)向环境流失的潜在场所。放牧草地氮损失的量化需要测量尿液沉积的频率，以及其体积和化学成分。然而，迄今为止的研究通常仅限于对少数重复动物和排尿事件的分析，特别是对绵羊。在这里，我们提供了来自圈养羊的尿频、尿量、化学成分（n = 6只羊的193次事件）和代谢组学特征（n = 4-5只羊的4-5次事件）的数据。比较了不同季节和不同地点（改良草场和半改良草场）尿液参数和化学成分数据的差异。假设羊圈内的时间为24小时，绵羊排尿8-11次d - 1。记录的平均尿事件量为289±14 mL，由此我们估计每日尿生成值为2.77±0.15 L尿羊−1d−1。每日尿N排泄和个人从羊尿N浓度更大改善牧场(26.7±2.3 g N羊−1 d−1;7.0±0.2 g N L−1)相比,在半改良草场(16.7±1.2 g N羊−1 d−1;5.5±0.4 g N L−1),但这并不等同于个人尿液补丁N载荷更大,因为网站差异urine-to-soil表面积的影响(17.5 L m-2at半改良站点和8.9 L m-2at改进网站)。尿液化学成分随季节和地点的不同而变化。因此，在评估尿斑氮损失的研究中，应使用特定地点和季节的尿液。基于尿液化学成分数据，我们提供了一种更新的人造绵羊尿液“配方”，可用于复制天然绵羊尿液。尿液代谢组学特征根据牧草质量聚类，而根据季节聚类不明显。我们的研究结果为评估放牧草场氮污染的规模和性质的实验和模型研究提供了重要信息。
Ruminant urine patches are potential sites of reactive nitrogen (N) loss to the environment. Quantification of N losses from grazed grasslands requires measurement of the frequency of urine deposition, as well as its volume and chemical composition. However, studies to date are typically restricted to analyses of few replicate animals and urination events, especially for sheep. Here, we present data on urine frequency, volume, chemical composition (n = 193 events from n = 6 sheep) and metabolomic profile (n = 4–5 events from n = 4–5 sheep) from penned sheep. Differences in urine parameters and chemical composition data were compared seasonally and between two sites (improved and semi-improved pasture). Sheep urinated 8–11 times d−1, assuming time within pens represented a 24 h period. The mean urine event volume recorded was 289 ± 14 mL, from which we estimated a daily urine production value of 2.77 ± 0.15 L urine sheep−1d−1. Daily urine N excretion and individual urine N concentrations were greater from sheep in improved pasture (26.7 ± 2.3 g N sheep−1d−1; 7.0 ± 0.2 g N L−1) compared to those in semi-improved pasture (16.7 ± 1.2 g N sheep−1d−1; 5.5 ± 0.4 g N L−1), but this did not equate to greater individual urine patch N loadings due to site differences in the urine-to-soil surface area influenced (17.5 L m-2at the semi-improved site and 8.9 L m-2at the improved site). Urine chemical composition varied seasonally and by site. Site- and season-specific urine should, therefore, be used in studies assessing N losses from urine patches. Based on the urine chemical composition data, we provide an updated artificial sheep urine ‘recipe’ which could be utilised to replicate natural sheep urine. The urine metabolomic profile clustered according to pasture quality, while clustering according to season was less evident. Our results provide important information for experimental and modelling studies assessing the scale and nature of N pollution arising from sheep-grazed pastures.
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