Smokey comes of age: unmanned aerial systems for fire management

Smokey comes of age: unmanned aerial systems for fire management
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Smokey 成熟了:用于消防管理的无人机系统

DOI:
10.1002/fee.1299
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发表时间:
2016
影响因子:
10.3
通讯作者:
Elbaum, Sebastian
Elbaum, Sebastian
中科院分区:
环境科学与生态学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Twidwell, Dirac;Allen, Craig R;Detweiler, Carrick;Higgins, James;Laney, Christian;Elbaum, Sebastian

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在过去的世纪,火灾管理的重点是技术,以保护人类社区免受灾难性的野火,并保持火灾依赖的生态系统。然而,尽管为实现这些目标分配了大量和越来越多的资源和人员,但区域乃至全球范围的火灾管理目标并未实现。目前的消防管理技术显然不足以应对消防管理人员面临的挑战,需要进行技术创新。无人机系统(UAS)技术的进步为火灾管理和科学创新提供了机会。在许多国家,火灾管理组织开始探索无人机系统监测火灾的潜力。我们已经采取了下一步,并开发了一种原型,可以精确地点燃火灾,作为野火抑制策略或规定火灾的一部分(在预定条件下故意点燃火灾,以减少危险燃料,改善栖息地或减轻大型野火)。我们讨论了这些技术有利于火灾管理活动的潜力,同时承认相当大的社会政治障碍,防止其立即广泛应用。
During the past century, fire management has focused on techniques both to protect human communities from catastrophic wildfire and to maintain fire‐dependent ecological systems. However, despite a large and increasing allocation of resources and personnel to achieve these goals, fire management objectives at regional to global scales are not being met. Current fire management techniques are clearly inadequate for the challenges faced by fire managers, and technological innovations are needed. Advances in unmanned aerial systems (UAS) technology provide opportunities for innovation in fire management and science. In many countries, fire management organizations are beginning to explore the potential of UAS for monitoring fires. We have taken the next step and developed a prototype that can precisely ignite fires as part of wildfire suppression tactics or prescribed fires (fire intentionally ignited within predetermined conditions to reduce hazardous fuels, improve habitat, or mitigate for large wildfires). We discuss the potential for these technologies to benefit fire management activities, while acknowledging the sizeable sociopolitical barriers that prevent their immediate broad application.
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