Pathogenesis and virulence of flavivirus infections.

Pathogenesis and virulence of flavivirus infections.
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DOI:
10.1080/21505594.2021.1996059
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发表时间:
2021-12
期刊:
影响因子:
5.2
通讯作者:
Sanyal S
Sanyal S
中科院分区:
生物学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
van Leur SW;Heunis T;Munnur D;Sanyal S

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黄病毒属由> 70个成员组成,包括几个被认为是重要的人类病原体。黄病毒显示出广泛的疾病谱,可以大致分为两种表型-涉及出血的全身性疾病,例如登革热和黄热病病毒,以及与西尼罗河病毒和寨卡病毒等相关的神经系统并发症。研制疫苗的尝试已经取得了成功。此外,蚊媒黄病毒可以在节肢动物中垂直传播,使其能够长期存在并有可能重新出现。因此,即使有疫苗,也必须制定防治疾病的战略。黄病毒与其人类宿主的细胞相互作用一方面是建立病毒生命周期的关键,另一方面是激活宿主免疫的关键。后者应该理想地根除感染,但往往导致免疫病理学和神经学后果。在这篇综述中,我们使用登革热和寨卡病毒来讨论我们所了解到的病毒生命周期的细胞和分子决定因素以及伴随的免疫病理学,同时强调需要在未来研究中解决的现有知识差距。
The Flavivirus genus consists of >70 members including several that are considered significant human pathogens. Flaviviruses display a broad spectrum of diseases that can be roughly categorised into two phenotypes – systemic disease involving haemorrhage exemplified by dengue and yellow Fever virus, and neurological complications associated with the likes of West Nile and Zika viruses. Attempts to develop vaccines have been variably successful against some. Besides, mosquito-borne flaviviruses can be vertically transmitted in the arthropods, enabling long term persistence and the possibility of re-emergence. Therefore, developing strategies to combat disease is imperative even if vaccines become available. The cellular interactions of flaviviruses with their human hosts are key to establishing the viral lifecycle on the one hand, and activation of host immunity on the other. The latter should ideally eradicate infection, but often leads to immunopathological and neurological consequences. In this review, we use Dengue and Zika viruses to discuss what we have learned about the cellular and molecular determinants of the viral lifecycle and the accompanying immunopathology, while highlighting current knowledge gaps which need to be addressed in future studies.
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