The price of distance: pricing-to-market and geographic barriers

The price of distance: pricing-to-market and geographic barriers
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距离的代价:市场定价和地理障碍

DOI:
10.1093/jeg/lbab013
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发表时间:
2021
影响因子:
2.9
通讯作者:
Takechi Kazutaka
Takechi Kazutaka
中科院分区:
经济学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Kano Kazuko;Kano Takashi;Takechi Kazutaka

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贸易成本导致不同地理区域之间的价格差异。然而,当使用价格差异数据时,距离弹性贸易成本的确定取决于生产者如何在偏远市场设定价格。为了解决这个问题,我们首先凭经验证明变量标记模型比常量标记模型更能描述数据变化。然后,我们采用非相似偏好框架来考虑市场定价和自我选择偏差,以确定距离效应。如果不考虑这些因素,贸易成本的距离弹性很小。然而,通过结合这些机制,我们使用微观数据进行的实证分析表明,距离效应非常大,这表明地理壁垒对区域贸易的代价很高。
Trade costs contribute to price differentials across geographically separated regions. However, when using price differential data, the identification of distance-elastic trade costs depends on how producers set prices in remote markets. To address this problem, we first empirically demonstrate that a variable markup model is more relevant than a constant markup model to describe the data variation. We then adopt a nonhomothetic preference framework to consider pricing-to-market and self-selection bias to pin down the distance effect. If these factors are not accounted for, the distance elasticity of trade costs is small. However, by incorporating these mechanisms, our empirical analysis using micro-level data reveals that the distance effect is significantly large, suggesting that the price of geographic barriers to regional trade is high.
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