Comparison of thrombus, gut, and oral microbiomes in Korean patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction: a case-control study.
Comparison of thrombus, gut, and oral microbiomes in Korean patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction: a case-control study.
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DOI：
10.1038/s12276-020-00543-1
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发表时间：
2020-12
影响因子：
12.8
通讯作者：
Chae IH
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kwun JS;Kang SH;Lee HJ;Park HK;Lee WJ;Yoon CH;Suh JW;Cho YS;Youn TJ;Chae IH
ST段抬高心肌梗死(STEMI)是以动脉粥样硬化斑块破裂引起的血栓性冠状动脉闭塞为特征的疾病。肠道微生物群可能在冠状动脉疾病的发病机制中起作用。本研究调查了STEMI患者冠状动脉血栓的微生物多样性和组成，以及血栓微生物组相对于口腔和肠道微生物组的组成。对22例STEMI患者和20例年龄和性别匹配的健康对照进行了病例对照研究。冠状动脉血栓取自STEMI患者，在直接冠状动脉介入治疗中通过手工血栓抽吸法获得。采集两组患者的口腔拭子和大便标本，进行16S rRNA测序和元基因组分析。在22个冠状动脉血栓中有4个检测到微生物DNA。变形杆菌(P)和拟杆菌(P)是最丰富的门。口腔和肠道微生物群在患者和健康对照组之间有显著差异。患者组表现为微生物失调：肠道微生物组中变形杆菌(P)和肠杆菌科(F)的相对丰度较高，口腔微生物组中的菲米库斯(P)和嗜血杆菌(G)的相对丰度较低。冠脉血栓中含有丰富的4个属：大肠埃希菌(1.25%)、副杆菌属(0.25%)、克氏杆菌属(0.0%)和类杆菌属(7.48%)。结果表明，肠道和口腔微生物群落的相对丰度与血栓微生物群落的相对丰度相关。微生物群组成和功能的破坏可能会导致心脏病发作。最严重的心脏病发作形式是ST段抬高心肌梗死(STEMI)，即冠状动脉被破裂的斑块堵塞。以前的研究已经将心血管疾病与微生物组的破坏联系在一起，但STEMI和微生物组之间的联系尚不清楚。韩国星南市首尔国立大学的Sii-Hyuck Kang及其同事分析了22名STEMI患者和20名健康对照的口腔、粪便和冠状动脉血栓(血栓)微生物样本。他们发现两组患者的口腔和肠道微生物群组成有显著差异，包括STEMI患者的变形杆菌门和肠杆菌科的种类增加，而菲尔米特斯门的种类减少。在四个血栓样本中发现了与患者口腔和肠道细菌匹配的微生物，这表明微生物可能会影响血栓的形成和斑块的破裂。
ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is characterized by thrombotic coronary artery occlusions caused by atherosclerotic plaque rupture. The gut microbiome potentially contributes to the pathogenesis of coronary artery diseases. This study investigated the microbial diversity and composition of coronary thrombi in STEMI patients and the composition of the thrombus microbiome relative to that of the oral and gut microbiomes. A case–control study was performed with 22 STEMI patients and 20 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Coronary thrombi were acquired from STEMI patients via manual thrombus aspiration during primary coronary intervention. Oral swab and stool samples were collected from both groups, and 16S rRNA sequencing and metagenomic microbiome analyses were performed. Microbial DNA was detected in 4 of 22 coronary thrombi. Proteobacteria (p) and Bacteroidetes (p) were the most abundant phyla. The oral and gut microbiomes significantly differed between patients and healthy controls. The patient group presented microbial dysbiosis, as follows: a higher relative abundance of Proteobacteria (p) and Enterobacteriaceae (f) in the gut microbiome and a lower abundance of Firmicutes (p) and Haemophilus (g) in the oral microbiome. Furthermore, 4 significantly abundant genera were observed in the coronary thrombus in the patients: Escherichia, 1.25%; Parabacteroides, 0.25%; Christensenella, 0.0%; and Bacteroides, 7.48%. The present results indicate that the relative abundance of the gut and oral microbiomes was correlated with that of the thrombus microbiome. Disruption to microbiome composition and functioning may contribute to heart attacks. The most serious form of heart attack is ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), where the coronary artery is blocked by ruptured plaques. Previous research has linked cardiovascular diseases with disruption to the microbiome, but links between STEMI and the microbiome are not yet clear. Si-Hyuck Kang at Seoul National University in Seongnam-si, South Korea, and co-workers analyzed oral, fecal, and coronary thrombus (blood clot) microbial samples from 22 STEMI patients and 20 healthy controls. They found significant differences in oral and gut microbiome composition between the two groups, including increased Proteobacteria phylum and Enterobacteriaceae species and decreased Firmicutes phylum in STEMI patients. Microbes matching patients’ oral and gut bacteria were present in four thrombus samples, suggesting that microbes may influence clot formation and plaque rupture.
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