Accurate Representations of the Microphysical Processes Occurring during the Transport of Exhaled Aerosols and Droplets.
Accurate Representations of the Microphysical Processes Occurring during the Transport of Exhaled Aerosols and Droplets.
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DOI：
10.1021/acscentsci.0c01522
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发表时间：
2021-01-27
影响因子：
18.2
通讯作者：
Reid JP
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Walker JS;Archer J;Gregson FKA;Michel SES;Bzdek BR;Reid JP
来自呼气事件的气溶胶和液滴在将病原体（如SARS-CoV-2）从感染个体传播到易感宿主中起着不可或缺的作用。然而，在我们对干燥和沉降过程中发生的气溶胶液滴微观物理学以及对沉降结果的影响的理解中仍然存在重大的不确定性。在这里，我们应用一种新的治疗呼吸液液滴的微物理行为的液滴蒸发/沉降模型，并评估沉降距离，时间尺度和颗粒相的影响。初始直径大于100 μm时，呼吸液滴的沉降结果对成分和环境条件不敏感。在100 μm以下，特别是在80 μm以下，增加的沉降时间使得蒸发过程的确切性质在影响沉降结果方面发挥重要作用。对于该尺寸范围，液滴成分的不正确处理或RH或温度的不精确使用可导致沉降距离的较大差异（分别具有>1 m、>2 m和>2 m的代表性值）。此外，如果初始直径<100 μm，呼吸液滴可能在沉降之前经历相变，前提是RH低于测量的相变RH。对潜在暴露与距感染源距离的计算表明，在该尺寸范围内，初始呼吸道飞沫分布的体积分数（保持在1 m以上）从1 m处的1下降到2 m处的0.125。对呼吸液滴进行精确的、实验得出的微物理治疗能够对沉降结果进行稳健的建模。
Aerosols and droplets from expiratory events play an integral role in transmitting pathogens such as SARS-CoV-2 from an infected individual to a susceptible host. However, there remain significant uncertainties in our understanding of the aerosol droplet microphysics occurring during drying and sedimentation and the effect on the sedimentation outcomes. Here, we apply a new treatment for the microphysical behavior of respiratory fluid droplets to a droplet evaporation/sedimentation model and assess the impact on sedimentation distance, time scale, and particle phase. Above a 100 μm initial diameter, the sedimentation outcome for a respiratory droplet is insensitive to composition and ambient conditions. Below 100 μm, and particularly below 80 μm, the increased settling time allows the exact nature of the evaporation process to play a significant role in influencing the sedimentation outcome. For this size range, an incorrect treatment of the droplet composition, or imprecise use of RH or temperature, can lead to large discrepancies in sedimentation distance (with representative values >1 m, >2 m, and >2 m, respectively). Additionally, a respiratory droplet is likely to undergo a phase change prior to sedimenting if initially <100 μm in diameter, provided that the RH is below the measured phase change RH. Calculations of the potential exposure versus distance from the infected source show that the volume fraction of the initial respiratory droplet distribution, in this size range, which remains elevated above 1 m decreases from 1 at 1 m to 0.125 at 2 m. Accurate, experimentally derived microphysical treatments of respiratory fluid droplets enable the robust modeling of sedimentation outcomes.
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DOI：
10.1080/15459620590918466
发表时间：
2005-03-01
影响因子：
2
作者：
Nicas, M;Nazaroff, WW;Hubbard, A
通讯作者：
Hubbard, A
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1305277110
发表时间：
2013-05-28
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Davies, James F.;Miles, Rachael E. H.;Reid, Jonathan P.
通讯作者：
Reid, Jonathan P.
影响因子：
4.9
作者：
Baldelli, Alberto;Boraey, Mohammed A.;Vehring, Reinhard
通讯作者：
Vehring, Reinhard
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Bourouiba, Lydia;Dehandschoewercker, Eline;Bush, John W. M.
通讯作者：
Bush, John W. M.
影响因子：
5.2
作者：
Haddrell, Allen;Rovelli, Grazia;Reid, Jonathan
通讯作者：
Reid, Jonathan