A High‐Resolution Whole‐Atmosphere Model With Resolved Gravity Waves and Specified Large‐Scale Dynamics in the Troposphere and Stratosphere

A High‐Resolution Whole‐Atmosphere Model With Resolved Gravity Waves and Specified Large‐Scale Dynamics in the Troposphere and Stratosphere
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具有解析重力波和对流层和平流层指定大尺度动力学的高分辨率整体大气模型

DOI:
10.1029/2021jd035018
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发表时间:
2022
期刊:
Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Hoffmann, Lars
Hoffmann, Lars
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Becker, Erich;Vadas, Sharon L.;Bossert, Katrina;Harvey, V. Lynn;Zülicke, Christoph;Hoffmann, Lars

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我们提出了具有指定动力学的新版本高空机械大气环流模型(HIAMCM)。我们利用光谱方法仅将大规模流程推向 MERRA-2 重新分析。微推的 HIAMCM 模拟从对流层到热层的低至约 200 公里水平波长的重力波 (GW),就像自由运行模型一样,包括二级和三级 GW 的生成。案例研究表明,模拟的大尺度引力波与再分析中的一致,而中尺度引力波与大气红外探测器(AIRS)在2016年北方冬季平流层的观测结果具有良好的比较。波长大于约 1,350 km 的引力波可以用非线性平衡方程来描述。然而,与平流层相关的引力波规模较小,需要不同的方法。我们提出,由于大尺度流动的动能转移而导致的引力波放大与引力波势能通量收敛相结合,有助于识别自发辐射引起的中尺度引力波源。引力波放大在平流层中部最大大规模垂直风切变区域最强。由 HIAMCM 模拟并根据 AIRS 卫星数据计算的平流层巨波活动的时间平均地图显示,2016 年 1 月欧洲上空存在持续的热点。在大约 40 公里处,平均巨波幅度在最快的大规模流量区域达到最大值。我们认为,源自对流层的引力波以及平流层自发发射的引力波的折射促成了这种效应。
We present a new version of the HIgh Altitude Mechanistic general Circulation Model (HIAMCM) with specified dynamics. We utilize a spectral method that nudges only the large‐scale flow to MERRA‐2 reanalysis. The nudged HIAMCM simulates gravity waves (GWs) down to horizontal wavelengths of about 200 km from the troposphere to the thermosphere like the free‐running model, including the generation of secondary and tertiary GWs. Case studies show that the simulated large‐scale GWs are consistent with those in the reanalysis, while the medium‐scale GWs compare well with observations in the northern winter 2016 stratosphere from the Atmospheric InfraRed Sounder (AIRS). GWs having wavelengths larger than about 1,350 km can be described with the nonlinear balance equation. The GWs relevant in the stratosphere, however, have smaller scales and require a different approach. We propose that the GW amplification due to kinetic energy transfer from the large‐scale flow combined with GW potential energy flux convergence helps to identify the mesoscale GW sources due to spontaneous emission. The GW amplification is strongest in the region of maximum large‐scale vertical wind shear in the mid‐stratosphere. Maps of the time‐averaged stratospheric GW activity simulated by the HIAMCM and computed from AIRS satellite data show a persistent hot spot over Europe during January 2016. At about 40 km, the average GW amplitudes are maximum in the region of fastest large‐scale flow. We argue that refraction of GWs originating in the troposphere, as well as GWs from spontaneous emission in the stratosphere contribute to this effect.
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