Sexual recombination and temporal gene flow maintain host resistance and genetic diversity
Sexual recombination and temporal gene flow maintain host resistance and genetic diversity
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性重组和时间基因流维持宿主抵抗力和遗传多样性
DOI：
10.1007/s10682-022-10193-6
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发表时间：
2022
影响因子：
1.9
通讯作者：
Duffy, Meghan A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
McLean, Katherine D.;Gowler, Camden D.;Dziuba, Marcin K.;Zamani, Haniyeh;Hall, Spencer R.;Duffy, Meghan A.
传染病可以威胁宿主种群。在流行病期间，果蝇可以迅速进化出抗性，这种进化通常受到适应性权衡的调节（例如，（1）繁殖力和抵抗力）。然而，许多生物在无性繁殖和有性繁殖之间切换，这种生殖策略的转变也可以改变宿主种群的抗性如何随着时间的推移而持续。在无性繁殖阶段，选择的等位基因可以被打乱，使促进对寄生虫的抗性的等位基因组合解偶联，并改变种群中抗性表型的分布。此外，在产生滞育繁殖体的宿主物种中（例如，种子、孢子或休眠卵），在有性生殖后，繁殖体的积累和基因流出生殖库，从过去的种群中引入等位基因组合。因此，重组和基因流动可能会使种群偏离寄生虫选择后达到的性状分布。为了了解重组和基因流动如何改变宿主群体的抗性，我们追踪了两个周期性孤雌生殖器野生群体的基因型多样性和抗性分布。在一个种群中，重组后抗性和遗传多样性增加，而在另一个种群中，重组并没有改变已经高的抗性和遗传多样性。在这两个湖泊，电阻仍然很高后，时间基因流。这一观察使我们感到惊讶：由于繁殖力-抗性权衡所带来的抗性成本，我们预期高群体抗性将是一种短暂的状态，随着时间的推移，将被重组和基因流动所侵蚀。相反，低抗性是暂时的状态，而重组和基因流动重新建立或保持高抗性，这种有毒的寄生虫。我们认为，这一结果可能是由健身权衡，重组后的遗传滑动，以及通过卵子库的时间基因流的共同影响所驱动的。
Infectious disease can threaten host populations. Hosts can rapidly evolve resistance during epidemics, with this evolution often modulated by fitness trade-offs (e.g., between resistance and fecundity). However, many organisms switch between asexual and sexual reproduction, and this shift in reproductive strategy can also alter how resistance in host populations persists through time. Recombination can shuffle alleles selected for during an asexual phase, uncoupling the combinations of alleles that facilitated resistance to parasites and altering the distribution of resistance phenotypes in populations. Furthermore, in host species that produce diapausing propagules (e.g., seeds, spores, or resting eggs) after sex, accumulation of propagules into and gene flow out of a germ bank introduce allele combinations from past populations. Thus, recombination and gene flow might shift populations away from the trait distribution reached after selection by parasites. To understand how recombination and gene flow alter host population resistance, we tracked the genotypic diversity and resistance distributions of two wild populations of cyclical parthenogens. In one population, resistance and genetic diversity increased after recombination whereas, in the other, recombination did not shift already high resistance and genetic diversity. In both lakes, resistance remained high after temporal gene flow. This observation surprised us: due to costs to resistance imposed by a fecundity-resistance trade-off, we expected that high population resistance would be a transient state that would be eroded through time by recombination and gene flow. Instead, low resistance was the transient state, while recombination and gene flow re-established or maintained high resistance to this virulent parasite. We propose this outcome may have been driven by the joint influence of fitness trade-offs, genetic slippage after recombination, and temporal gene flow via the egg bank.
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期刊：
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