Visual predation risk and spatial distributions of large Arctic copepods along gradients of sea ice and bottom depth

Visual predation risk and spatial distributions of large Arctic copepods along gradients of sea ice and bottom depth
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北极大型桡足类视觉捕食风险和沿海冰和海底深度梯度的空间分布

DOI:
10.1002/lno.12354
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发表时间:
2023
影响因子:
4.5
通讯作者:
Langbehn T
Langbehn T
中科院分区:
地球科学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Langbehn T

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北极桡足类的群落规模结构向更小、更少脂肪的个体或物种的变化与环境变化有关。然而,人们对其基本机制知之甚少。我们利用两步障碍回归模型,分析了巴伦支海浮游中动物群落沿水体质量、海冰和海底深度梯度的空间分辨长期调查数据。我们检验了这样一种假设,即减少了视觉捕食,从而提高了在昏暗栖息地的存活率,这解释了大型桡足类动物的分布。我们预计大型桡足类的存在和生物量将随着海底深度的增加和季节性冰盖的出现而增加。从我们的分析中得出的模式和驱动因素支持了我们的假设:在巴伦支海,大型桡足类动物主要出现在与极地锋面以南的大陆架相交的深槽中,或者在斯瓦尔巴群岛东北部季节性冰层覆盖的水域的较浅深处。在河岸上,大型桡足动物基本上没有,而小型桡足动物似乎存活了下来。自上而下的控制为这些分布提供了一个合理的解释。大型桡足类动物在海冰遮蔽的水域或深海栖息地生存,它们可以通过垂直迁徙来躲避天敌。然而,当它们涌上浅滩或从冰下被冲出来时,它们就会被视觉上的觅食者杀死。因此,平流和垂直浮游动物分布的地形阻塞是亚北极和北极陆架海有效能量转移和生产力的关键机制。在气候变化的影响下,冰缘逐渐消退的地方可能会为浮游动物开辟新的丰富的觅食地。
Changes in the community size structure of Arctic copepods toward smaller and less fat individuals or species have been linked to environmental changes. The underpinning mechanisms are, however, poorly understood. We use a two‐step hurdle regression model to analyze spatially resolved, long‐term survey data of the Barents Sea mesozooplankton community along gradients of water mass properties, sea ice, and bottom depth. We test the hypothesis that reduced visual predation, and hence increased survival in dim habitats, explains the distribution of large copepods. We expect the presence and biomass of large copepods to increase with increasing bottom depth and the occurrence of seasonal ice‐cover. The patterns and drivers that emerge from our analysis support our hypothesis: in the Barents Sea large copepods were predominantly found in deep troughs that intersect the shelf south of the polar front, or at shallower depths in seasonally ice‐covered waters northeast of Svalbard. On the banks, large copepods are largely absent whereas smaller copepods appear to survive. Top‐down control provides one plausible explanation for these distributions. Large copepods survive where sea‐ice shades the water or deep habitats permit escape from visual predators through vertical migrations. However, when upwelled onto shallow banks or flushed out from below the ice they are decimated by visual foragers. Therefore, advection and topographic blockage of vertical zooplankton distributions are key mechanisms for the efficient energy transfer and productivity in subarctic and Arctic shelf seas. New prolific foraging grounds may open up for planktivores where the ice‐edge recedes under a changing climate.
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期刊: Definitions
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