Cranial symmetry in baleen whales (Cetacea, Mysticeti) and the occurrence of cranial asymmetry throughout cetacean evolution
Cranial symmetry in baleen whales (Cetacea, Mysticeti) and the occurrence of cranial asymmetry throughout cetacean evolution
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须鲸（鲸类、须鲸类）的颅骨对称性以及整个鲸类进化过程中颅骨不对称的发生
DOI：
10.1007/s00114-015-1309-0
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发表时间：
2015
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Fahlke
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fahlke
齿鲸类和鲸鲸类（齿鲸和须鲸）起源于始新世从陆生偶蹄动物进化而来的古ococetes。在能听到超声波（bbb20,000赫兹）的齿龙中，已知颅骨不对称，这与呼吸和发声时鼻腔通道的分裂功能有关。最近的研究结果表明，古藻类也有不对称的颅骨。它们的不对称与水中的定向听力有关，尽管听力频率仍在争论中。能够听到低频和次声（<20 Hz）的神秘动物被认为具有对称的颅骨。本研究旨在探讨神秘颅骨是否确实对称，神秘颅骨对称是半对称的还是次生的。利用几何形态计量学对化石和现代神秘动物、始新世古动物、现代偶蹄动物和现代齿形动物的三维颅骨模型进行了颅骨形状分析。统计检验包括方差分析、主成分分析和判别函数分析。结果表明，对称形状差异反映了鲸类动物进化的一般趋势。不对称包括显著的波动不对称和方向性不对称，后者非常小。神秘动物的头盖骨与陆生偶蹄动物和始古动物一样对称，但在神秘动物中没有显著差异。齿状突颅骨更不对称。这些结果表明：(1)所有的神秘动物都有对称的颅骨；(2)始古动物的颅骨不对称在大部分颅骨中并不明显，但在喙部可能很明显；(3)方向性颅骨不对称是齿齿动物的特化；(4)方向性颅骨不对称更可能与回声定位有关，而不是与听力有关。
Odontoceti and Mysticeti (toothed and baleen whales) originated from Eocene archaeocetes that had evolved from terrestrial artiodactyls. Cranial asymmetry is known in odontocetes that can hear ultrasound (>20,000 Hz) and has been linked to the split function of the nasal passage in breathing and vocalization. Recent results indicate that archaeocetes also had asymmetric crania. Their asymmetry has been linked to directional hearing in water, although hearing frequencies are still under debate. Mysticetes capable of low-frequency and infrasonic hearing (<20 Hz) are assumed to have symmetric crania. This study aims to resolve whether mysticete crania are indeed symmetric and whether mysticete cranial symmetry is plesiomorphic or secondary. Cranial shape was analyzed applying geometric morphometrics to three-dimensional (3D) cranial models of fossil and modern mysticetes, Eocene archaeocetes, modern artiodactyls, and modern odontocetes. Statistical tests include analysis of variance, principal components analysis, and discriminant function analysis. Results suggest that symmetric shape difference reflects general trends in cetacean evolution. Asymmetry includes significant fluctuating and directional asymmetry, the latter being very small. Mysticete crania are as symmetric as those of terrestrial artiodactyls and archaeocetes, without significant differences within Mysticeti. Odontocete crania are more asymmetric. These results indicate that (1) all mysticetes have symmetric crania, (2) archaeocete cranial asymmetry is not conspicuous in most of the skull but may yet be conspicuous in the rostrum, (3) directional cranial asymmetry is an odontocete specialization, and (4) directional cranial asymmetry is more likely related to echolocation than hearing.
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影响因子：
1.9
作者：
Marx, Felix G.
通讯作者：
Marx, Felix G.
泰坦鲸，一种产自意大利北部中新世中期的新须鲸（哺乳动物、鲸类、神秘鲸）
DOI：
--
发表时间：
2006
期刊：
影响因子：
--
作者：
M. Bisconti
通讯作者：
M. Bisconti
影响因子：
2.3
作者：
McKenna, Megan F.;Cranford, Ted W.;Pyenson, Nicholas D.
通讯作者：
Pyenson, Nicholas D.
小鼠形态特征的大小和波动不对称性：它们与近交和 t 单倍型的关联
DOI：
--
发表时间：
2001
期刊：
Evolution; international journal of organic evolution
影响因子：
--
作者：
L. Leamy;Shawn Meagher;S. Taylor;L. Carroll;W. Potts
通讯作者：
W. Potts
影响因子：
64.8
作者：
Geisler, Jonathan H.;Colbert, Matthew W.;Carew, James L.
通讯作者：
Carew, James L.