Development of thymic Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells: TGF-β matters.

Development of thymic Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells: TGF-β matters.
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胸腺FOXP3(+)调节性T细胞的开发:TGF-β事项。

DOI:
10.1002/eji.201444999
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发表时间:
2015-04
影响因子:
5.4
通讯作者:
Konkel, Joanne E.
Konkel, Joanne E.
中科院分区:
医学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Chen, WanJun;Konkel, Joanne E.

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表达转录因子Foxp 3的CD 4+调节性T细胞可以在胸腺(tTreg细胞)中产生,但驱动其发育的细胞和分子途径仍不完全清楚。转化生长因子-β(TGF-β)对于从外周初始CD 4 + T细胞(pTreg细胞)转化的Foxp 3 + Treg细胞的产生是必需的,然而TGF-β在tTreg细胞发育中的作用最初被反驳。然而,最近的研究已经揭示了在tTreg细胞的产生中对TGF-β的需要。实验证据表明,在TCR刺激的背景下,TGF-β诱导胸腺Treg前体、CD 4 + CD 8 − CD 25 −半成熟和成熟单阳性(SP)胸腺细胞中的Foxp 3基因转录。有趣的是,发现胸腺细胞凋亡与tTreg细胞的产生内在相关,因为细胞凋亡诱导胸腺内TGF-β的表达。在这篇简短的综述中,我们将重点介绍关键数据,讨论实验证据,并提出一个涉及TGF-β的tTreg细胞发育的改良模型。我们还将概述有关胸腺Foxp 3 + Treg细胞生成的剩余未解决的问题,并提供我们个人对控制tTreg细胞发育的机制的看法。
CD4+ regulatory T cells expressing the transcription factor Foxp3 can be generated in the thymus (tTreg cells), but the cellular and molecular pathways driving their development remain incompletely understood. Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) is essential for the generation of Foxp3+ Treg cells converted from peripheral naive CD4+ T cells (pTreg cells), yet a role for TGF-β in tTreg-cell development was initially refuted. Nevertheless, recent studies have unmasked a requirement for TGF-β in the generation of tTreg cells. Experimental evidence reveals that TGF-β in the context of TCR stimulation induces Foxp3 gene transcription in thymic Treg precursors, CD4+CD8−CD25− semi-mature and mature single-positive (SP) thymocytes. Intriguingly, thymic apoptosis was found to be intrinsically linked to the generation of tTreg cells, as apoptosis induced expression of TGF-β intra-thymically. In this short review, we will highlight key data, discuss the experimental evidence and propose a modified model of tTreg-cell development involving TGF-β. We will also outline the remaining unresolved questions concerning generation of thymic Foxp3+ Treg cells and provide our personal perspectives on the mechanisms controlling tTreg-cell development.
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