The Dynamic Interplay between HIV-1, SAMHD1, and the Innate Antiviral Response.

The Dynamic Interplay between HIV-1, SAMHD1, and the Innate Antiviral Response.
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DOI:
10.3389/fimmu.2017.01541
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发表时间:
2017
影响因子:
7.3
通讯作者:
Wu L
Wu L
中科院分区:
医学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Antonucci JM;St Gelais C;Wu L

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先天免疫反应构成了抵抗初始HIV-1感染的第一道细胞防线。免疫细胞感知入侵的病毒并触发信号级联反应,诱导抗病毒防御来控制或消除感染。位于粘膜组织中的专业抗原呈递细胞,包括树突状细胞和巨噬细胞,对于在初始暴露部位识别HIV-1至关重要。与活化的CD4+ t细胞相比,这些细胞对HIV-1感染的容容度较低,这主要是由于宿主限制因子在控制病毒感染的建立或传播中起直接作用。然而,HIV-1可以利用先天免疫细胞及其细胞因子来避免宿主免疫系统的检测和清除。无菌α基序和含hd结构域蛋白1 (SAMHD1)是哺乳动物脱氧核苷三磷酸三磷酸水解酶,负责调节细胞内dNTP池并限制非分裂髓细胞和静止CD4+ t细胞中HIV-1的复制。在此,我们对SAMHD1抗病毒功能的最新文献进行综述和分析,包括其抑制HIV-1的机制以及SAMHD1调节病毒感染先天免疫反应的能力。我们还概述了HIV-1、SAMHD1和细胞内在抗病毒反应之间的动态相互作用,以阐明SAMHD1如何调节非分裂免疫细胞中的HIV-1感染。更全面地了解SAMHD1在HIV-1感染的先天免疫反应中的作用,可能有助于制定策略,增强其抗病毒作用,更有效地阻断HIV-1复制,避免病毒感染的致病结果。
The innate immune response constitutes the first cellular line of defense against initial HIV-1 infection. Immune cells sense invading virus and trigger signaling cascades that induce antiviral defenses to control or eliminate infection. Professional antigen-presenting cells located in mucosal tissues, including dendritic cells and macrophages, are critical for recognizing HIV-1 at the site of initial exposure. These cells are less permissive to HIV-1 infection compared to activated CD4+ T-cells, which is mainly due to host restriction factors that serve an immediate role in controlling the establishment or spread of viral infection. However, HIV-1 can exploit innate immune cells and their cellular factors to avoid detection and clearance by the host immune system. Sterile alpha motif and HD-domain containing protein 1 (SAMHD1) is the mammalian deoxynucleoside triphosphate triphosphohydrolase responsible for regulating intracellular dNTP pools and restricting the replication of HIV-1 in non-dividing myeloid cells and quiescent CD4+ T-cells. Here, we review and analyze the latest literature on the antiviral function of SAMHD1, including the mechanism of HIV-1 restriction and the ability of SAMHD1 to regulate the innate immune response to viral infection. We also provide an overview of the dynamic interplay between HIV-1, SAMHD1, and the cell-intrinsic antiviral response to elucidate how SAMHD1 modulates HIV-1 infection in non-dividing immune cells. A more complete understanding of SAMHD1’s role in the innate immune response to HIV-1 infection may help develop stratagems to enhance its antiviral effects and to more efficiently block HIV-1 replication and avoid the pathogenic result of viral infection.
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