Evidence for encounter-conditional, area-restricted search in a preliminary study of Colombian blowgun hunters
Evidence for encounter-conditional, area-restricted search in a preliminary study of Colombian blowgun hunters
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对哥伦比亚吹箭筒猎人的初步研究中的遭遇条件、区域限制搜索的证据
DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0207633
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发表时间：
2018
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
B. Winterhalder
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cody T. Ross;B. Winterhalder
主动寻找猎物是耗费能量的，因此了解觅食者如何优化搜索一直是觅食理论的核心。一些理论研究表明，觅食随机分布的猎物应该使用Lévy飞行搜索，而区域限制和间歇性搜索策略的工作表明，觅食可以使用猎物相遇提供的信息来更有效地适应搜索方向和速度。以前的经验比较，这些搜索模式往往依赖于分布水平的分析，由于收集事件级的数据与GPS跟踪的觅食。在这里，我们使用一个初步的事件级数据集（18.7小时的狩猎者注释的焦点如下超过6次旅行），以表明两个哥伦比亚吹箭猎人使用自适应的狩猎者条件飞行，而不是无条件的Lévy飞行，当寻找猎物。利用理论推导的贝叶斯模型，我们估计了在滞后时间步与猎物相遇时，猎人的转向角和搜索速度的变化，发现：1）猎人在遇到猎物时会增加平均转向角，对猎物密度较高的斑块进行更曲折的搜索，但在足够长的时间内未能遇到猎物后，猎人会采取更有效的单向斑块间移动; 2）猎人在遇到猎物时会降低搜索速度，导致他们在猎物密度明显较高的斑块上花费更多的搜索时间。这些结果说明了使用事件级数据来对比有条件搜索、区域限制搜索和Lévy飞行在解释人类和其他生物的搜索行为方面的重要性。
Active search for prey is energetically costly, so understanding how foragers optimize search has been central to foraging theory. Some theoretical work has suggested that foragers of randomly distributed prey should search using Lévy flights, while work on area-restricted and intermittent search strategies has demonstrated that foragers can use the information provided by prey encounters to more effectively adapt search direction and velocity. Previous empirical comparisons of these search modes have tended to rely on distribution-level analyses, due to the difficulty of collecting event-level data on encounters linked to the GPS tracks of foragers. Here we use a preliminary event-level data-set (18.7 hours of encounter-annotated focal follows over 6 trips) to show that two Colombian blowgun hunters use adaptive encounter-conditional heuristics, not non-conditional Lévy flights, when searching for prey. Using a theoretically derived Bayesian model, we estimate changes in turning-angle and search velocity as a function of encounters with prey at lagged time-steps, and find that: 1) hunters increase average turning-angle in response to encounters, producing a more tortuous search of patches of higher prey density, but adopt more efficient uni-directional, inter-patch movement after failing to encounter prey over a sufficient period of time; and, 2) hunters reduce search velocity in response to encounters, causing them to spend more of their search time in patches with demonstrably higher prey density. These results illustrate the importance of using event-level data to contrast encounter-conditional, area-restricted search and Lévy flights in explaining the search behavior of humans and other organisms.
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Rhee, Injong;Shin, Minsu;Chong, Song
通讯作者：
Chong, Song