Polycomb group genes as the key regulators in gene silencing

Polycomb group genes as the key regulators in gene silencing
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多梳族基因作为基因沉默的关键调节因子

DOI:
10.1007/s11859-014-0971-y
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发表时间:
2014-01
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
吴旻
吴旻
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Shuaikun Su;Min Zhang;Lianyun Li;吴旻

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Polycomb 组 (PcG) 基因主要通过染色质修饰和染色质结构调节来抑制基因表达。目前,至少鉴定出四种PcG蛋白复合物,包括Polycomb抑制复合物1(PRC1)、Polycomb抑制复合物2(PRC2)、PHO抑制复合物(PhoRC)和Polycomb抑制去泛素酶(PR-DUB)。在这篇综述中,讨论了上述复合物的组成的最新发现,以及它们在调节组蛋白修饰和基因沉默中的作用。我们主要关注 PRC1 和 PRC2 复合物的组成以及 PcG 向靶基因的招募以及 PRC1 和 PRC2 介导的基因沉默的机制。尽管在理解 PcG 蛋白介导的基因沉默方面已经取得了很大进展,但我们还讨论了几个仍未解答的重要问题,例如细胞分裂过程中组蛋白修饰的遗传。
The Polycomb group (PcG) genes repress gene expression mainly through chromatin modifications and regulation of chromatin structure. At present, at least four protein complexes of PcG proteins are identified, including Polycomb repressive complex 1 (PRC1), Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2), PHO-repressive complex (PhoRC) and Polycomb repressive deubiquitinase (PR-DUB). In this review, the recent discoveries of the composition of the above complexes, as well as their roles in regulating histone modifications and gene silencing are discussed. We mainly focus on the composition of PRC1 and PRC2 complex and recruitment of PcG to target genes and mechanisms of PRC1 and PRC2-mediated gene silencing. Although much progress has been made in understanding gene silencing mediated by PcG proteins, we also discuss several important questions that still remained unanswered, such as the inheritance of histone modifications during cell division.
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