Active cell divisions generate fourfold orientationally ordered phase in living tissue.
Active cell divisions generate fourfold orientationally ordered phase in living tissue.
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DOI：
10.1038/s41567-023-02025-3
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发表时间：
2023-08
期刊：
影响因子：
19.6
通讯作者：
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
形态发生是基因生成形体的过程，它建立了组织尺度的秩序，作为构建复杂形体的模板。构建这些有序基质所需的广泛生长受到细胞增殖的推动，而细胞增殖天真地应该破坏秩序。了解活跃的形态发生机制如何耦合细胞和机械过程，以产生秩序，而不是消灭它，仍然是一个悬而未决的问题，在动物的发展。我们发现，细胞分裂是组织流动的主要驱动力，导致四重取向有序相。各向异性的细胞增殖波以精确的模式在胚胎中传播。通过细胞分裂引入新生晶格中的缺陷通过随后的分裂朝向边界移出组织块体。特定的细胞增殖速率和方向使细胞分裂能够组织而不是破坏组织。我们观察到这一点，使用实时成像和组织制图分析的动态四倍组织排序的甲壳动物Parhyale夏威夷开始产卵后72小时的躯干节段外胚层。其结果是一个强大的，积极的机制，在非平衡系统中产生全球取向秩序，为随后的形状和形式的发展奠定了基础。
Morphogenesis, the process through which genes generate form, establishes tissue-scale order as a template for constructing the complex shapes of the body plan. The extensive growth required to build these ordered substrates is fuelled by cell proliferation, which, naively, should destroy order. Understanding how active morphogenetic mechanisms couple cellular and mechanical processes to generate order–rather than annihilate it–remains an outstanding question in animal development. We show that cell divisions are the primary drivers of tissue flow, leading to a fourfold orientationally ordered phase. Waves of anisotropic cell proliferation propagate across the embryo with precise patterning. Defects introduced into the nascent lattice by cell divisions are moved out of the tissue bulk towards the boundary by subsequent divisions. Specific cell proliferation rates and orientations enable cell divisions to organize rather than fluidize the tissue. We observe this using live imaging and tissue cartography to analyse the dynamics of fourfold tissue ordering in the trunk segmental ectoderm of the crustacean Parhyale hawaiensis beginning 72 h after egg lay. The result is a robust, active mechanism for generating global orientational order in a non-equilibrium system that sets the stage for the subsequent development of shape and form.
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